Organochlorine and butyltin residues in deep-sea organisms collected from the western North Pacific,off-Tohoku,Japan

Organochlorine (OCs) and butyltin (BTs) residues were determined in deep-sea organisms collected from the western North Pacific, off-Tohoku, Japan. Among OCs, concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and DDTs (DDTs and its metabolites) were the highest in deep-sea organisms (maximum concentrations of 6700 and 13,000 ng/g lipid wt, respectively). Chlordane compounds (CHLs) were the next most abundant OCs, and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were the lowest. BTs were also detected at maximum concentrations of 570 ng/g wet wt. Concentrations of PCBs, CHLs and BTs in deep-sea organisms collected from the western North Pacific, off-Tohoku, were generally lower than those in deep-sea and shallow water organisms from Japanese coastal waters. On the other hand, considerable variations in the concentrations of OCs were found among deep-sea organisms analyzed. Several carnivorous fishes such as snubnosed eel, lanternshark and grenadiers accumulated some OCs such as PCBs, DDTs and CHLs at high concentrations of up to a few μg/g levels. In addition, the residue pattern of OCs and BTs in fishes showed a specific trend according to the sampling depth; higher concentrations of PCBs, DDTs and CHLs and lower concentrations of HCHs, HCB and BTs were found in fishes collected from greater depth (1000 m) compared to those from shallower waters. This trend is consistent with the results of our earlier study on mesopelagic myctophid fishes. Results of this study suggest vertical transport of hydrophobic OCs such as PCBs, DDTs and CHLs and its accumulation in benthic deep-sea organisms.     

青藏高原近地层热量湍流系数的实验分析

本文着重研究青藏高原近地层的湍流结构。使用梯度观测和热量平衡方法,确定了感热湍流系数(Kh)表达式中的无量纲系数1/ψmψh,并表明它与W.O.Pruitt等人的结果相当一致。本文还计算了睛天和多云条件下1米高度上感热湍流系数,最后比较了高原和低海拔平原上感热湍流系数与动量湍流系数的比值αT。     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部延安组沉积学特征与成矿潜力分析

鄂尔多斯盆地北部广泛沉积延安组,随着铀矿勘查工作的不断深入,延安组已成为研究区重要的产铀层位。通过对野外露头及钻孔岩心的系统研究,运用层序地层学与沉积学原理,建立延安组分层标志,分析其沉积体系特征,并结合砂体、氧化带发育特征,分析评价延安组铀成矿潜力。结果表明,延安组的重要标志层是延安组含煤岩系及其内部的主要煤层,据此将延安组自下而上划分为Ⅰ~Ⅴ岩段(J₂y¹~J₂y⁵)5个成因地层单元;Ⅰ岩段和Ⅱ岩段下段为曲流河沉积体系,Ⅱ岩段上段到Ⅴ岩段沉积环境演变为曲流河三角洲相;延安组Ⅰ岩段发育有利铀成矿的铀储层和氧化带,同时发现较好的铀矿化线索,成矿潜力巨大。     

Permeability hysterisis of limestone during isotropic compression

The evolution of permeability hysterisis in Indiana Limestone during application of isotropic confining pressures up to 60 MPa was measured by conducting one-dimensional constant flow rate tests. These tests were carried out either during monotonic application of the confining pressure or during loading-partial unloading cycles. Irreversible permeability changes occurred during both monotonic and repeated incremental compression of the limestone. Mathematical relationships are developed for describing the evolution of path-dependent permeability during isotropic compression.     

不同含油、含水饱和度致密砂岩真三轴力学特征

致密砂岩储层中水、石油或天然气等流体赋存可能会对致密砂岩的力学特征产生影响。选取鄂尔多斯盆地蟠龙地区延长组致密砂岩,利用YSZS-2000型多功能电液伺服岩石真三轴试验机对不同含油和含水饱和度致密砂岩力学特征进行了研究。结果表明:①含油性对砂岩的峰值应力和弹性模量产生弱化作用,表现为峰值应力和弹性模量随着含油饱和度的增大而减小,“准饱和”时峰值应力可下降5.35%,弹性模量可下降11.38%;②含水砂岩根据其吸水特性曲线分为Pa型与Pb型,含水性对砂岩的峰值应力产生弱化作用,饱和时Pa型砂岩峰值应力可下降11.58%,Pb型砂岩峰值应力可下降15.95%;③观察实验后浸油砂岩内部结构发现,油集中分布于砂岩矿物间裂隙,对破裂面产生润滑作用从而降低了砂岩的承载力。本研究成果可以对致密油气的开发提供可靠依据。      

鄂尔多斯盆地北部直罗组砂岩重矿物分布特征及其指示意义

近年来,鄂尔多斯盆地砂岩型铀矿资源评价取得了较大进展,关于找矿目的层物源和铀源的问题长期以来备受关注。运用重矿物综合分析方法,探讨鄂尔多斯盆地北部砂岩型铀矿赋矿层直罗组碎屑物质来源和成矿铀源。结果表明,研究区内直罗组的重矿物组合主要为石榴子石+锆石+绿帘石+黑云母+尖晶石,其次包含少量磷灰石、榍石、金红石、角闪石、电气石、钛铁矿等,反映以中高级变质岩和中酸性岩浆岩为主的母岩类型。重矿物特征指数反映了以含石榴子石变质岩为主要源岩类型和近源沉积的特点。综合分析认为,区内直罗组主要的物源为盆地北部大青山和乌拉山地区的中下太古界–元古界的乌拉山岩群、中元古界扎尔泰群以及各时期的中酸性侵入体等。其中,古老基底变质岩与各时期中酸性岩浆岩普遍具有较高的铀含量,沿着NW–SE方向铀迁出明显,为后期铀成矿作用提供了初始铀源。      

热解法用于礼村黄土-古土壤地层~(14)C测年

采用简单的热解方法分离黄土-古土壤不同有机组分进行14C测年的探索,通过加热使黄土-古土壤有机质发生裂解,选择400℃作为试验温度,对陕西省岐山县礼村剖面黄土-古土壤粉末样品在400℃下挥发出的Py-V组分和残留下的Py-R组分分别进行14C(AMS)测年,并结合该剖面同层位黄土地层与考古文化层接触关系,认为礼村剖面受人类活动影响强烈的地层中,Py-V组分年龄能代表真实年龄;在未受人类活动影响自然沉积地层中,Py-R组分年龄能代表真实年龄。     

Effects of naphthalene and phenanthrene on visual and prey capture endpoints during early stages of the dourado Salminus brasiliensis

Naphthalene (NAP) and phenanthrene (PHE) effects on Salminus brasiliensis, a carnivorous freshwater fish, were investigated using behavioral tests. Larval stages of S. brasiliensis were exposed to water concentrations of 0, 0.04 mg/l, 0.20mg/l and 0.50mg/l for naphthalene and 0, 0.01 mg/l, 0.05 mg/l and 0.1mg/l for phenanthrene during two developmental phases. The prey fish Prochilodus lineatus were not exposed. Visual acuity was measured at the end of phase 2 in individual S. brasiliensis, which were also tested at the end of each phase for number of attacks on prey, number of prey captured, prey capture efficiency, and distance swam. Vision was impaired by PHE exposure, as acuity angles increased in exposed fish. At Stage I 2.3+/-1.2 prey were captured with 46% efficiency in controls compared to 0.4+/-0.3 prey captured with 13.4% efficiency in fish exposed to 0.05 mg PHEl(-1), the LOEL for both endpoints. At Stage II 4.0+/-1.1 preys were captured in controls compared to 2.5+/-0.9 preys captured in fish exposed to 0.01 mg PHEl(-1), the LOEL. Stage II control fish captured prey with 70% efficiency compared to 30% efficiency at Stage II fish exposed to 0.05 mg PHEl(-1), the LOEL. Distance swam was not affected by either NAP or PHE exposure. The exposure of larval stages of S. brasiliensis to realistic water concentrations of PHE impairs foraging skills and could affect recruitment of the species.