A study of fecal coliform sources at a coastal site using colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) as a water source tracer

Optical properties of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) were measured as a tracer of polluted waters in a Southern California surf-zone with consistently high levels of fecal indicator bacteria. Salinity, temperature, fecal coliform, absorbance (200-700nm) and fluorescence (lambda(excitation)=350nm; lambda(emission)=360-650nm) were measured in the creek and surf-zone during a dry and rain event. Fluorescence to absorption ratios for CDOM were used to distinguish water masses, with two distinct CDOM end-members identified as creek (flu/abs=8.7+/-0.8x10(4)) and coastal (flu/abs=2.2+/-0.3x10(4)). Waters containing the same CDOM end-member had highly variable bacterial levels during the dry event, suggesting intermittent sources of bacteria added to a uniform water source, consistent with marine birds. During the rain event, increased levels of the creek end-member and bacteria indicated a second bacteria source from runoff.     

Evidence for estrogenic endocrine disruption in an offshore flatfish, the dab (Limanda limanda L.)

Dab (Limanda limanda) caught in UK offshore waters show evidence of being exposed to estrogenic endocrine disrupters at a relatively low level. Two of 449 males caught between June and July 2005 had markedly elevated levels of vitellogenin (VTG; 21 and 750 microg/ml) and the remainder ranged from <0.01 to 8.6 microg/ml. Omitting the two outliers, there was a very significant positive relationship with the mass of individual males (a feature noted in previous studies on cod). Mean VTG concentrations in males differed significantly between sites. The site with the highest mean (1.6 microg/ml) was North East of the Dogger Bank and the site with the lowest (0.04 microg/ml) was in Cardigan Bay. Mean VTG concentrations in all North Sea fish were significantly higher than English Channel and Irish Sea fish, but this difference disappeared when fish mass was taken into account. VTG concentrations showed no relationship to water depth, stage of sexual maturity or age of the males. Sixty selected male plasmas were assayed for 17beta-estradiol but only two had measurable amounts (assay limit 0.04 ng/ml). Despite being the start of summer, the gonads of many of the males and females (especially those caught in the North Sea) showed signs of sexual maturity (presence of sperm in males and vitellogenic eggs in females). Many females had high VTG concentrations (up to 14 mg/ml) and 78 out of 80 had measurable concentrations of 17beta-estradiol. The cause of elevated VTG levels in male dab is unknown. As seen in cod, the presence of affected males does not appear to be linked to proximity to land or to known point sources of endocrine disrupters. However, our data, showing that larger fish are more likely to have elevated VTG concentrations, suggests a gradual accumulation by marine fish, probably through feeding, of persistent (probably relatively weak) estrogenic compounds.     

负热电离同位素稀释质谱法分析锝97稀释剂

用负热电离质谱法对自行研制生产的97Tc稀释剂同位素组成进行分析测定,并采用同位素稀释质谱法对其浓度进行标定,选用等概率模型对同位素比值测定结果进行校正,组成分析扩展不确定度为1.3%(K=2),浓度标定扩展不确定度为2.07%(K=2)。     

Effects of alumina refinery wastewater and signature metal constituents at the upper thermal tolerance of: 1. The tropical diatom Nitzschia closterium

Ecotoxicological studies, using the tropical marine diatom, Nitzschia closterium (72-h growth rate), were undertaken to assess potential issues relating to the discharge from an alumina refinery in northern Australia. The studies assessed: (i) the species’ upper thermal tolerance; (ii) the effects of three signature metals, aluminium (Al), vanadium (V) and gallium (Ga) (at 32 °C); and (iii) the effects of wastewater (at 27 and 32 °C). The critical thermal maximum and median inhibition temperature for N. closterium were 32.7 °C and 33.1 °C, respectively. Single metal toxicity tests found that N. closterium was more sensitive to Al compared to Ga and V, with IC₅₀s (95% confidence limits) of 190 (140-280), 19,640 (11,600-25,200) and 42,000 (32,770-56,000) μg L⁻¹, respectively. The undiluted wastewater samples were of low toxicity to N. closterium (IC₅₀s > 100% wastewater). Environmental chemistry data suggested that the key metals and discharge are a very low risk to this species.     

Assessment of heavy metal contamination and mineral magnetic characterization of the Asopos River sediments (Central Greece)

The content and distribution of heavy metals in sediments of the intermittent and contaminated Asopos River, located in Central Greece, was assessed by means of total dissolution, dilute acid and sequential extraction procedures. Mineral magnetic properties were used as proxy parameters of transport mechanisms of land-derived material to the sea. The combination of enrichment factors estimated against local background levels and the levels of labile metals revealed that surface sediments are enriched in Cu, Cd, Ni and Cr. The low flow of the system allows particles and organic matter to accumulate in the estuarine shallow “pools” where they undertake a series of redox reactions, authigenic formation, etc. The most fine of these particles, which are metal rich, are transported to relatively long distances off the Asopos River mouth, even under low energy conditions, converting the system to a secondary source of pollution for the adjacent marine environment.     

东喜马拉雅构造结墨脱剪切带特征及其区域构造意义

东喜马拉雅构造结东、西两侧分别为墨脱剪切带和东久-米林剪切带,本文以墨脱剪切带为研究对象,从构造变形几何学和组构运动学方面进行详细研究。结果表明:①剪切带不同部位的变形性质具有逐渐演化的特征,基于产状、变形性质及变质程度等的变化将其从南到北分为三部分:NE走向具右行兼上盘下滑性质的阿尼桥-希让段、近N-S向具右行走滑性质的旁辛-达木段及N(N)W向具右行兼逆冲性质的甘登-加拉萨段;②在墨脱剪切带内识别出两类剪切变形:高温剪切变形和低温剪切变形。除了构造变形及岩相学证据外,石英EBSD组构数据显示区内高温剪切变形以{10■-0}a滑移系为主,对应的温度为550~650℃,达到高温角闪岩相,局部(北端和中段)还出现了{10■-0}c滑移系,温度更高,大于650℃,相当于下地壳的深度;低温剪切变形以{10■-1}a和{0001}a滑移系为主,对应的温度小于550℃,即剪切变形发生在绿片岩相或绿片岩相以下的构造环境。结合西界东久-米林剪切带的构造特征,推测在印度板块和欧亚板块碰撞之后,南迦巴瓦变质体受制于这两条剪切带而相对拉萨地体向北推移,并楔入拉萨地体之下。     

基于WebGIS的地面沉降监测预警信息系统构建的研究

首都地质资源环境承载能力监测预警平台,将建成为地质勘查管理与服务的"智慧型"大数据平台,其中地面沉降监测预警信息系统是平台的重要组成部分,与当前平台已实现了初步的集成、整合。而WebGIS技术是传统GIS在网络上的延伸和发展,也是监测预警平台搭建的关键技术之一。本文重点研究了以Arc GIS Server构建的地面沉降监测预警信息,采用分布式体系结构,技术手段上使用B/S模式,以ArcGIS API For Java Script搭建框架,实现空间数据的展示、交互、分析等功能,为加快推进首都地质资源环境承载能力监测预警平台建设,提供技术支撑和前期探索。     

城市区域三维地质结构模型建设与集成方法

大区域高精度城市三维地质模型可以实现多源数据有效集成,提升城市地质工作成果的可视化表达能力。本文剖析了交叉折剖面、多源交互式复杂地质体建模等适用于城市地质三维建模的技术方法,并对每种方法的适用性及优劣势进行了详细的描述。以GeoBGS平台为基础,利用不同数据模型的特点,通过标准化钻孔数据库、基准钻孔库、基准剖面库及地层模型的建设实现了通州区范围的土壤环境、地下水环境、地面沉降等多专题信息地质模型。将多专题地质模型进行集成显示和分析,构建了通州区域三维地质集成模型展示系统。为满足空间一体化表达的应用需求,通过空间配准、坐标系统转换及地下模型的拓扑修复,确保了地上地下一体化模型在同一坐标系下的无缝集成。