Dataset of Comparative Observations for Land Surface Processes over the Semi-Arid Alpine Grassland against Alpine Lakes in the Source Region of the Yellow River

Thousands of lakes on the Tibetan Plateau(TP) play a critical role in the regional water cycle, weather, and climate. In recent years, the areas of TP lakes underwent drastic changes and have become a research hotspot. However, the characteristics of the lake-atmosphere interaction over the high-altitude lakes are still unclear, which inhibits model development and the accurate simulation of lake climate effects. The source region of the Yellow River(SRYR) has the largest outflow lake and freshw...     

湖南地区似大地水准面模型再精化研究

湖南地区2007版似大地水准面模型存在数据源质量相对不高、局部区域存在粗差等问题。通过引入EGM2008地球重力场模型、高分辨率DEM数据、高精度GPS/水准数据等新数据源,采用最小二乘配置法与格林基函数样条插值算法,在原有模型的基础上得到1′×1′分辨率的再精化新模型。精度检测结果表明,新模型的内、外符合精度相较2007模型提升80.7%和22.9%,有效降低汉寿等地区的残差,对湖南省地区的复杂地形具有更好的适用性。     

准噶尔盆地侏罗纪含铀岩系的层序划分与对比

为对比分析准噶尔盆地侏罗纪含铀岩系的特征,在盆地北部、东部、南部筛选了3个钻透中下侏罗统西山窑组(J_2x)和八道湾组(J_1b)的钻孔,以岩性组合、沉积特征和测井曲线为基础,结合层序地层学原理和前人研究成果,对其含铀岩系进行了划分与对比。选择12个铀矿化异常孔编制了层序沉积连井模式图,讨论了层序充填及演化特征。结果表明:盆地不同位置地层层序差异较大,北缘从侏罗系下统三工河组到侏罗系上统齐古组(J_1s—J_3q)发育了3个三级层序和7个体系域。盆地东缘从侏罗系下统八道湾组到上统齐古组(J_1b—J_3q),发育了5个三级层序和12个体系域,整体经历了一个较为完整的湖侵过程,4个次级的湖侵湖退使湖平面达到最高位。南缘从侏罗系中统西山窑组到上统齐古组(J_2x—J_3q)发育了3个三级层序和7个体系域,经历一次构造隆升作用造成了大规模湖退事件和一次完整的湖侵事件。八道湾期至齐古期至少经历了两次完整的湖退、湖侵事件,整体上经历了一个先退积、后进积、再退积的过程。头屯河期湖退过程中形成的扇三角洲、辫状河砂体是主要的铀储层,也标志着一次重要的构造隆升事件。研究区岩相主要有辫状河、辫状河三角洲、湖泊、湖泊三角洲和扇三角洲5种沉积相类型和10种沉积亚相,含铀岩系亚相主要有辫状河道、扇三角洲平原、湖泊三角洲平原。西山窑组(J_2x)含煤建造上下发育2个区域性平行不整合面,界面之下发育大规模湖泊三角洲相的粘土层圈闭了上下两侧的砂体,是寻找砂岩型铀富集的有利区带。这些认识,不仅提高了准噶尔盆地侏罗系层序地层的对比划分的精度,而且对盆地控铀要素和形成环境研究及全面开展铀矿找矿工作意义重大。     

Riparian management and stream bank erosion in New Zealand

Improvements in riparian management, such as shrub/tree planting and livestock exclusion, are often assumed to result in reduced stream bank erosion and associated catchment sediment yield. Studies that quantify the effectiveness of riparian interventions aimed at reducing bank erosion and river sediment yields are, however, rare. This paper discusses how bank erosion processes can vary throughout catchments (with particular reference to their scale dependence) and hence how the effectiveness of different riparian interventions can be variable. The findings of known published accounts of the effectiveness of riparian management interventions for reducing stream bank erosion in New Zealand are also summarised. Only nine relevant studies were identified and most used qualitative or semi-quantitative analysis methods. Most studies compared stream banks in pasture catchments (with unlimited livestock access) with stream banks where livestock were excluded and riparian shrubs/trees were present. Many studies reported that managed stream banks were in better condition than unmanaged banks. The exclusion of livestock from riparian areas was generally reported as the principal factor in the measured improvements or differences. Only two studies specifically attributed reduced stream bank erosion to the presence of riparian vegetation. The dearth of research identified here highlights the need for further quantitative studies to determine the effectiveness of riparian management measures for reducing bank erosion.     

三维激光扫描技术在煤矿沉陷区监测应用

采用三维激光扫描仪与传统观测相结合的方法,获取开采沉陷区精细三维点云数据,在对激光点云数据预处理和数据分析基础上,分别对采空区地表沉降、铁路线沉降、铁路桥沉降与形变监测进行研究,并与传统观测结果进行对比分析,结果表明两者具有较好的一致性。     

小型无人机航线编制研究

小型无人机飞行技术目前在国内处于初步但迅速发展时期,对无人机的控制不仅体现在本身的硬件性能上,更体现在对其的操纵控制技术上。本文概述基于Google Earth COM API和KML的无人机飞行控制:在Google的三维数据基础上,实现"世界范围"内的飞行控制,具体描述航线航点的编码绘制方法与显示,提供便利的航线添加编辑修改删除等功能。     

基于MongoDB云计算下GML分布式集群环境搭建研究

虽然大容量服务器可以解决普通的GIS数据存储问题,但随着数据量的增大,管理存储操作越来越难。在开源MongoDB分布式文件数据库支撑下,根据MongoDB对GML海量数据的存储理论,搭建海量GML数据集群环境,构成GML分布式云计算平台,为GML在服务器集群中实现存储查询索引管理提供性能支持。     

云计算环境下GML的并行查询研究

并行计算环境能为海量半结构化GML空间数据提供强大的存储能力,为GML查询提供强大的计算能力,因此在云计算环境下研究GML的并行查询具有很大的实用价值。借助Hadoop开源云计算平台,提出一个GML并行查询方案,以丰富云计算在处理空间数据方面的应用,通过3台机器的并行计算,原则上比单机环境能提高大数据量GML查询的效率。     

分布式GML空间数据库概述

GML的相关理论在单机情况下都已得到了大量研究,但在管理海量空间数据的情况下,必须寻求分布式存储环境来解决存储容量和管理的问题。根据分布式空间数据库的相关研究,提出分布式GML空间数据库(DGMLDB)概念,并根据已有研究成果提出了3种设计思想,为GML在分布式存储方面提供理论方案。     

基于格网GIS的黄河流域土地生态质量综合评价

以8 km×8 km的格网为评价单元,从土地生态系统的景观特征、生境质量抗干扰能力、生态系统服务价值、社会经济效益4个角度构建土地生态质量评价体系,利用层次分析法和熵值法确定权重,通过空间自相关、冷热点分析和障碍度诊断模型,探究了黄河流域土地生态质量的空间分异规律.结果表明:(1)黄河流域土地生态质量空间上呈中部及西南...