Response of Atmospheric Energy to Historical Climate Change in CMIP5

Three forms of atmospheric energy, i.e., internal, potential, and latent, are analyzed based on the historical simulations of 32 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5) models and two reanalysis datasets(NCEP/NCAR and ERA-40). The spatial pattern of climatological mean atmospheric energy is well reproduced by all CMIP5 models. The variation of globally averaged atmospheric energy is similar to that of surface air temperature(SAT) for most models. The atmospheric energy from both simulation and reanalysis decreases following the volcanic eruption in low-latitude zones. Generally, the climatological mean of simulated atmospheric energy from most models is close to that obtained from NCEP/NCAR, while the simulated atmospheric energy trend is close to that obtained from ERA-40. Under a certain variation of SAT, the simulated global latent energy has the largest increase ratio, and the increase ratio of potential energy is the smallest.     

一种城市地表能量平衡模式在上海的模拟评估

利用一整年的上海城区常规气象和地表能量平衡观测资料,驱动和检验了局地城市地表能量(水分)平衡模式(SUEWS/LUMPS)在上海地区的模拟能力,并对模式输入参数进行了部分本地化。模拟结果表明,SUEWS模式较好地再现了各辐射通量的日变化形态,对净辐射通量(Q~*)中午日峰值低估约为25 W·m~(-2);模式对四个季节向下长波辐射通量(L_↓)的日变化幅度均被低估,对向上长波辐射通量(L_↑)的模拟明显优于L_↓。SUEWS/LUMPS模式对感热通量(Q_H)各季节(春季除外)日峰值出现时次均有准确模拟,而对Q_H量值各季节均为低估;SUEWS模式在夏、秋季对白天潜热通量(Q_E)的模拟均优于LUMPS模式,而在冬、春季的模拟情况两者接近;SUEWS模式成功再现了储热通量(△Q_S)冬、春、秋季早、晚正负值转换时间,而在夏季滞后了2 h,模拟的△Q_S量值季节差异性较大。对模式误差随气温、风速及风向变化进行分析表明,在较高气温和较大风速下,Q_H、Q_E均表现为低估误差增大,而△Q_S则相反,表现为更显著地高估;风向的影响主要表现为模式未考虑东面密集建筑群而使得Q_H较明显低估约为-50 W·m~(-2),而西侧公园绿地的存在使得Q_H高估约15 W·m~(-2)。     

Analysis on the Interaction between Turbulence and Secondary Circulation of the Surface Layer at Jinta Oasis in Summer

The kinetic energy variations of mean flow and turbulence at three levels in the surface layer were calculated by using eddy covariance data from observations at Jinta oasis in 2005 summer.It is found that when the mean horizontal flow was stronger,the turbulent kinetic energy was increased at all levels,as well as the downward mean wind at the middle level.Since the mean vertical flow on the top and bottom were both negligible at that time,there was a secondary circulation with convergence in the upper half and divergence in the lower half of the column.After consideration of energy conversion,it was found that the interaction between turbulence and the secondary circulation caused the intensification of each other.The interaction reflected positive feedback between turbulence and the vertical shear of the mean flow.Turbulent sensible and latent heat flux anomaly were also analyzed.The results show that in both daytime and at night,when the surface layer turbulence was intensified as a result of strengthened mean flow,the sensible heat flux was decreased while the latent heat flux was increased.Both anomalous fluxes contributed to the cold island effect and the moisture island effect of the oasis.     

东北地区月气温序列的均一性检验和订正

本文采用惩罚最大T检验(PMT)方法,结合台站历史沿革信息,对东北地区129个气象站月最高气温和最低气温资料进行均一性检验和订正,并与已有均一化数据集(CHHT)进行对比分析。结果表明:气温的非均一性在空间上普遍存在,最高温和最低温分别检测出断点74个和94个,资料拼接和迁站是造成非均一性的重要因素。均一性检验和订正提高了东北地区最高气温和最低气温的空间一致性,线性趋势空间分布更加合理,订正之后变化趋势略有增加,年平均最高气温和最低气温分别由0.1和0.22℃·(10 a)~(-1)增至0.17和0.33℃·(10a)~(-1),与CHHT相比,两套数据时间相关系数在0.9以上,对东北地区气候长期演变趋势基本一致,东北地区年平均最高气温和最低气温均呈显著升温趋势,采用PMT得到的年平均最高气温和最低气温变化趋势较CHHT分别偏高0.05和0.03℃·(10 a)~(-1),在线性趋势空间分布上PMT均一化检验订正结果较CHHT略有改善。     

肖家营子钼多金属矿床围岩蚀变及矿化特征

肖家营子钼多金属矿床是以钼为主伴有铜铁的大型矿床 ,矿床围岩蚀变分带相互对应和相互依存 ,自岩体向外依次为 1钾硅酸盐蚀变带 ,2矽卡岩蚀变带 ,本文试图通过对矿床围岩蚀变和矿化特征分析 ,探讨矿床成因类型     

大兴安岭中段索伦地区林西组岩石地球化学特征与沉积构造环境

大兴安岭中段林西组是重要的含烃源岩层位,烃源岩的形成与生烃母质生物活动和埋藏时的古气候、古构造、古环境息息相关。通过岩石地球化学分析可以恢复林西组沉积时期的气候与构造环境,利用Sr、Li、Ga含量、Sr/Ba值、U/Th值、δU及Sr/Cu值,从古盐度、氧化还原环境、古气候等方面分析了索伦地区林西组的沉积环境,认为林西组沉积时可能经历了中等—较强风化后的再沉积作用,总体为淡水—微咸水的氧化环境,气候温湿;Al₂O₃/(Al₂O₃+Fe₂O₃)值、K₂O/Na₂O-SiO₂关系以及稀土元素特征表明：林西组形成于靠近大陆岛弧的活动大陆边缘,由早期弧后盆地的海陆过渡相半咸水环境向陆相的淡水环境演变,有利于有机质的富集和保存,是寻找烃源岩的有利层位。研究成果可为该区烃源岩勘查提供指导。