SSZ-1型双管双簧海底振动取心钻具

针对海底振动取样的一些特殊情况,介绍了自行研制的适用于海底振动取样的SSZ－1型双管双簧取心钻具，分析了其结构原理及对海底取的适应性。     

Measurement of copper release rates from antifouling paint under laboratory and in situ conditions: implications for loading estimation to marine water bodies

The release of biocides, such as copper (Cu), from antifouling (AF) coatings on vessel hulls represents a significant proportion of overall Cu loading in those harbors and estuaries where substantial numbers of small craft or large vessels are berthed. Copper release rates were measured on several self-polishing, tin-free coatings and an ablative Cu reference coating applied to steel panels using three measurement methods. The panels were exposed in natural seawater in San Diego Bay, and release rates were measured both in the laboratory and field over 2 years. Results with the static (20 cm x 30 cm) panels indicated that Cu release rates were initially high (25-65 microg Cu cm(-2)day(-1)), with a large range of values between paint types. Release rates declined to substantially lower rates (8-22 microg cm(-2)day(-1)) with reduced variability within 2 months. Release rates continued to decrease over time for approximately 6 months when relatively constant release rates were observed for most coatings. Over time, relative differences in Cu release rates measured by three exposure methods decreased, with all coatings exhibiting similar behavior toward the end of the study. Lowest overall Cu release rates were observed with the self-polishing experimental paint no. 7 in static-dynamic and in situ treatments. The highest periodic release rates were measured from panels that experienced periods of both static and dynamic exposure (8.7 ms(-1) rotation). The lowest release rates were measured from panels that experienced static, constant depth exposure, and where release rates were evaluated in situ, using a novel diver-deployed measurement system. Results from this in situ technique suggests that it more closely reflects actual Cu release rates on vessel hulls measured with intact natural biofilms under ambient conditions than measurements using standardized laboratory release rate methods. In situ measurements made directly on the AF surface of vessels demonstrated typically lower release rates than from the panel studies, averaging 8.2 microg cm(-2)day(-1) on pleasure craft, and 3.8 microg cm(-2)day(-1) on Navy vessels. The data suggest that the presence of an established biofilm likely serves to moderate the release of Cu from field-exposed antifouling coatings both on panels and hull surfaces.     

软土深层搅拌桩的水泥土抗腐蚀性室内试验

结合深港西部通道填海区深层搅拌桩在滨海地下水环境中施工的需要,对水泥土在自来水、地下水、海水及Na2SO4溶液环境下的抗腐蚀性进行了室内研究,研究表明以纯水泥为固化剂的水泥土在腐蚀性地下水环境中的抗腐蚀性能较差,增加矿渣、粉煤灰的含量,能增强水泥土抗腐蚀性;分析了固化剂中矿渣、粉煤灰掺入量对水泥土抗压强度及抗腐蚀性的影响规律,即固化剂掺入比不变的情况下,用矿渣、粉煤灰替代部分水泥能大幅度提高水泥土的抗压强度,同时改善其抗腐蚀性;得出了抗腐蚀性能良好的水泥土配方,即矿渣、粉煤灰的质量占固化剂的40%～60%,可供同类工程借鉴.     

大洋钻探计划及其高新技术

在概述大洋钻探计划之由来与现状的基础上,重点阐述了大洋钻探中使用的钻探船及其高新技术,展望了新世纪大洋钻探技术的发展方向。     

应用微机确定金刚石钻进的合理钻速

一、问题的提出在金刚石钻进中,人们往往采取控制机械钻速的办法来提高钻头寿命,降低每米钻头费用,许多队规定时效控制在3—3.5m/h以内。但也有的认为控制时效势必影响钻进效率的提高,这时即使钻头寿命较长,也会增加钻探成本。如安徽地质某队16号钻机,对时效不进行硬性限制,不把钻头寿命当作主要指标,注意充分发挥金刚石高钻速的优势,连续取得了高效率、低成本的好成绩。该机在1982年和1983年用不同钻速完成的工作量分别见表1和表2。     

FN-1井复杂条件下深井侧钻技术分析

以塔里木油田FN－1探井为例，阐述深井复杂地层侧钻的2种工艺方法，即初级分支钻进和高级分支定向钻进，分析对比2种工艺方法的优缺点，提出在易发生压差卡钻的情况下进行侧钻的合理工艺。     

提高旋流除砂器净化泥浆效果的试验研究

从分析单粒岩屑受力情况出发，研究了旋流除砂器的工作机理，指出了其中心部位出现的涡旋气柱将对泥浆净化效果产生显著影响。提出了可手动或自动调节结构参数的旋流除砂器改进设计，通过关于临界粒度、最小泥浆损耗量和预防排砂口堵塞的实验，验证了新型除砂器的净化效果非常了，尤其在西部缺水地区具有推广价值。     

火星浅层钻探和取样技术分析

分析了地球与火星钻探技术的差异,介绍了美国火星钻探取样技术的现状,研究了火星表面环境特征与钻进的关系,进而从宇宙飞船有效载重对钻探取样系统质量的限制、动力的限制、运输体积的限制、岩性、孔性及其他岩石特性、冻土等方面进行了研究,分析了火星浅层钻探和取样技术的特点以及需要解决的关键问题.     

Sources of sediment to the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area

To reduce sediment exports discharging to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), it is essential to identify the sources of exported sediment. We used modelling of spatial sediment budgets (the SedNet model) to identify sources and deposition of sediment as it is transported through river networks. Catchments with high levels of land clearing, cattle grazing and cropping show the largest increases in sediment export compared with natural conditions. Hillslope erosion supplies 63% of sediment to the rivers. Gully erosion and riverbank erosion are lower sources of sediment at the GBR catchment scale, but they are important in some catchments. Overall, 70% of sediment exported from rivers comes from just 20% of the total catchment area, showing that much of the problem can be addressed in a relatively small area. This is a much more manageable problem than trying to reduce erosion across the entire GBR catchment. Areas of high contribution are all relatively close to the coast because of the high erosion and high sediment delivery potential.