A culture-dependent survey of thermophilic bacteria from hot springs in Xiamen area in China

Microbes are believed to play important roles in ecosystem function in many environments. The hot springs of Xiamen Island are close to the Xiamen Sea, and may have some characteristics different from those of inland hot springs. Microbes living in the hot springs of Xiamen may have new characteristics. However, little is known about microbial communities of hot springs close to the Xiamen Sea. A culturedependent survey of microbial population in the Xiamen hot springs was performed by using an approach combining total cellular protein profile identification and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A total of 328 isolates of bacteria were obtained from liquid and sediment samples from the Xiamen hot springs, including neutrophilic thermophilic bacteria and moderately thermophilic acidophiles. Neutrophilic thermophilic bacteria, which grow at a temperature range of 55—90℃ including Rhodothermus marinus (Strain 1), Thermus thermophilus (Strain 2), Thermus thiopara (Strain 3), Geobacillus stearothermophilus (Strain 4), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (Strain 5), and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes (Strain 6), were recovered by 2216E plates. Moderately thermophilic acidophiles, which can grow at temperatures above 50℃ and a pH range of 1.8—3.5 such as Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris (Strain 8), Sulfobacillus acidophilus (Strain 9), and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans (Strain 10), were isolated on selective solid medium containing sulfur and Fe2+. Among these strains, Rhodothermus marinus, Thermus thermophilus and Geobacillus stearothermophilus are not only thermophiles, but also halophiles. One bacterium strain (Strain 6) shared 99% nucleotide sequence homology with Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, but was quite different from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes in biological characteristics, suggesting that it may represent a novel thermophilic species. Results indicated that various species of neutrophilic thermophiles and moderately thermophilic acidophiles were widely distributed in the Xiamen hot springs and that Rhodothermus marinus and Thermus thermophilus dominated the cultivable microbial community.     

Petrography，Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Mafic-ultramafic Intrusion in Xiarihamu Cu-Ni Deposit from East Kunlun, With Implications for Geodynamic Setting

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辽东半岛～2．2 Ga 岩浆事件及其地质意义

本文报道了辽东半岛古元古代胶—辽—吉活动带内辽河群变质火山岩和辽吉花岗岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学和地球化学数据。变质安山岩的锆石具典型的岩浆振荡环带结构和较高的Th/U值(0.5),锆石U-Pb年龄为(2 182±6)Ma和(2 229±22)Ma,该年龄可代表安山岩的形成年龄。辽吉花岗岩的锆石同样具有典型的岩浆振荡环带结构和较高的Th/U值(0.3),锆石U-Pb年龄为(2 199±10)Ma,代表花岗岩的侵位时代,在误差范围内与辽河群火山岩喷发时代一致,表明辽吉花岗岩并不是辽河群的基底,二者可能为同一次岩浆作用过程的产物。辽东半岛~2.2Ga岩浆事件的识别及性质,对于正确认识古元古代胶—辽—吉活动带的属性至关重要。结合前人有关辽东半岛前寒武纪岩石的研究成果,本文研究认为胶—辽—吉活动带的形成演化可能与弧-陆碰撞有关。     

洞庭湖近30a水位时空演变特征及驱动因素分析

洞庭湖地处北亚热带季风湿润气候区,水情时空变化尤为明显.为了探明洞庭湖水位时空演变特征,以洞庭湖6个水位站(城陵矶、鹿角、营田、杨柳潭、南咀、小河咀)、出入湖流量("三口"总入湖流量、"四水"总入湖流量、城陵矶出湖流量)和长江干流流量(宜昌、螺山)等1985-2014年逐日数据为基础,通过构建泰森多边形计算湖泊水位,运用Morlet小波分析、层次聚类分析和地统计理论研究湖泊水位的周期性变化规律及空间分布格局和自相关性.研究结果表明:洞庭湖水位变化具有典型的季节性,且年际变化具有28和22 a的多时间尺度特征;水位空间分布格局呈现出小河咀、南咀、杨柳潭(Group 1)以及城陵矶、鹿角、营田(Group 2)两种聚类,且在不同水文季节的空间自相关性依次表现为丰水期退水期涨水期枯水期.通过建立两类水位在不同水文季节与径流量的多元逐步回归模型揭示了洞庭湖水位时空演变的驱动因素,其中Group 1水位演变主要受长江干流水文情势的影响,Group 2水位演变由出入湖径流量和长江干流径流量共同作用,并随着不同水文季节江湖关系的改变以及湖泊自身水力联系的变化而变化.研究结果对于科学认识洞庭湖水位的时空演变规律以及湖泊生态系统保护和水资源的规划、管理与调控具有重要意义.     

温州世贸中心大厦超深大直径钻孔灌注桩施工技术

介绍了超深大直径钻孔灌注桩在温州世贸中心大厦桩基工程中的应用情况，对其施工中出现的主要问题进行了分析和处理，并提出了解决措施。     

用PC-1500计算机优选钻进参数

用PC-1500计算机开发的新程序,可对钻探的多项参数进行处理与优选,并打印出最优钻进参数(P、n、Q)及合理的钻速预测值,以获得最低的钻探成本。     

Measurement of copper release rates from antifouling paint under laboratory and in situ conditions: implications for loading estimation to marine water bodies

The release of biocides, such as copper (Cu), from antifouling (AF) coatings on vessel hulls represents a significant proportion of overall Cu loading in those harbors and estuaries where substantial numbers of small craft or large vessels are berthed. Copper release rates were measured on several self-polishing, tin-free coatings and an ablative Cu reference coating applied to steel panels using three measurement methods. The panels were exposed in natural seawater in San Diego Bay, and release rates were measured both in the laboratory and field over 2 years. Results with the static (20 cm x 30 cm) panels indicated that Cu release rates were initially high (25-65 microg Cu cm(-2)day(-1)), with a large range of values between paint types. Release rates declined to substantially lower rates (8-22 microg cm(-2)day(-1)) with reduced variability within 2 months. Release rates continued to decrease over time for approximately 6 months when relatively constant release rates were observed for most coatings. Over time, relative differences in Cu release rates measured by three exposure methods decreased, with all coatings exhibiting similar behavior toward the end of the study. Lowest overall Cu release rates were observed with the self-polishing experimental paint no. 7 in static-dynamic and in situ treatments. The highest periodic release rates were measured from panels that experienced periods of both static and dynamic exposure (8.7 ms(-1) rotation). The lowest release rates were measured from panels that experienced static, constant depth exposure, and where release rates were evaluated in situ, using a novel diver-deployed measurement system. Results from this in situ technique suggests that it more closely reflects actual Cu release rates on vessel hulls measured with intact natural biofilms under ambient conditions than measurements using standardized laboratory release rate methods. In situ measurements made directly on the AF surface of vessels demonstrated typically lower release rates than from the panel studies, averaging 8.2 microg cm(-2)day(-1) on pleasure craft, and 3.8 microg cm(-2)day(-1) on Navy vessels. The data suggest that the presence of an established biofilm likely serves to moderate the release of Cu from field-exposed antifouling coatings both on panels and hull surfaces.     

新型钢球冲击器及其试验效果

从固体力学理论着手,利用岩石变形时的应力计算公式,分析讨论了“冲击回转”钻进的破岩机理;介绍了中俄合作开发的“新型钢球冲击器”的结构及工作原理。通过对室内及野外实验数据的分析,获得了该冲击器的各种参数关系。实践表明,采用普通硬质合金(或金刚石)钻头加钢球冲击器进行冲击回转钻进,可明显提高机械钻速,降低成本。