Bi-dimensional observation of waves near the mesopause at auroral latitudes

During a campaign of optical observations at high latitude, a bi-dimensional study of the wave structure of the OH layer has been performed in December 1981 from Sodankyla (Finland). This site is one of the three stations of the EISCAT ionosphere sounding system. It has been found that a wave field covering an area of 1 million km² may extend to latitudes as high as 70°N. The OH wave structure shows many similarities with noctilucent clouds. The fairly large horizontal wavelength, of the order of 40 km cannot easily be explained by a wave motion at an interface. The observed wave structure seems to be a result of the propagation of an internal gravity wave in the 80–100 km region. This wave structure was often recorded during the same time as an active aurora was present. As a result, it appears that the perturbation might be correlated with particle precipitations at auroral latitudes.     

Methods of Hierarchical Control of Water Quality Taking into Account Manipulations of the Center and Countermoves of Enterprises

Methods of hierarchical control including manipulations of a Center and the countermove of enterprises are considered using as an example a dynamic two-level model of river water quality control in the presence of point pollution sources and in the absence of nonpoint sources.     

Geochronological evidence for late‐Grenvillian magmatic and metamorphic events in central Taimyr,northern Siberia*

U–Th–Pb analyses of zircons from six granites and one metasediment collected in the accretionary Central belt of Taimyr, Arctic Siberia, demonstrate that Neoproterozoic (c. 900 Ma) granites intrude late Mesoproterozoic/early Neoproterozoic amphibolite facies metamorphic rocks. This is the first time in the Mamont–Shrenk region that Neoproterozoic ages have been recognized for these lithologies, previously thought to be Archaean/Palaeoproterozoic in age. The Mamont–Shrenk Terrane (MST) represents a Grenvillian age (micro?) continent intercalated with younger Neoproterozoic ophiolites during thrusting and accreted to the northern margin of the Siberian craton sometime before the late Vendian. Basement to the MST may have been derived from the Grenvillian belt of east Greenland. Viable tectonic reconstructions must allow for an active margin along northern Siberia (modern day coordinates) in the middle Neoproterozoic.     

Atomic data relevant to line formation in strongly magnetized white dwarf stars

The discovery of magnetic field strengths in the range of 500 million Gauss in the objects Grw+70°8247 and PG1031+224 has given enormous impetus to investigations of magnetic white dwarf stars. We have determined intensities of Balmer transitions for B>10⁸ Gauss as a function of field and find strong oscillations of the transitions strengths, which are of importance to the quantitative analysis of the observed spectra and the interpretation of polarimetric measurements in these objects.Paper presented at the IAU Colloquium No. 93 on Cataclysmic Variables. Recent Multi-Frequency Observations and Theoretical Developments, held at Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte Bamberg, F.R.G., 16–19 June, 1986.     

Ultraviolet solar irradiance measurement from 200 to 358 nm during spacelab 1 mission

The paper presents the results obtained from the UV-spectrometer of the Solar Spectrum Experiment during the Spacelab 1 mission in December 1983. The irradiance data concern 492 passbands, which are located between 200 and 358 nm at almost equidistant wavelengths separated by about 0.3 nm. The passbands have a well-defined, bell-shaped profile with a full width at half maximum of about 1.3 nm. The data, which have an error budget between 4 and 5%, agree closely with the spectral distributions observed by Heath (1980) and Mentall et al. (1981) and confirm that the solar irradiance and the fluxes of Sun-like stars show about the same spectral distribution down to at least 240 nm.     

Lead isotope and Pb-Pb model age determinations of ores from Central Europe and their metallogenetic interpretation

The paper presents lead isotope data from 211 samples from Phanerozoic lead-bearing ore occurrences in Central Europe, particularly from the Southern part of the former German Democratic Republic. The data are interpreted in terms of Amov's dynamic model of continuous lead isotope evolution. The relationships between thoro-genic and urano-genic model ages and the source of lead in different regional units are discussed. We observed differences in lead isotope evolution in the Hercynian internides and externides. Within the Moldanubian and Saxothuringian zones we distinguish five main lead-bearing ore associations: (1) Cambrian, stratiform base metal (Hermsdorf-Waldsassen; ²⁰⁶Pb/ ²⁰⁴Pb=17.50–17.70), (2) Devonian, vein type Sb-bearing, metamorphogene (neumühle-Hartmannsdorf; 17.80–18.00), (3) Upper Carboniferous-Permian, polymetallic, including tin, vein type (Kutna hora-Freiberg-Altenberg; 18.00–18.20), (4) Triassic (-Jurassic), Pb–Ba, vein type (Stibro-Halsbrücke; 18.20–18.60), (5) Cenozoic, polymetallic, vein type, riftogene (Roztoky-Banska tiavnica; 18.80–19.10). Pb isotope characteristics from ores of the Montagne Noire and the Brioude-Massiac district correspond to this subdivision. Ore associations from the Rheno-Hercynian zone display higher ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios which can be explained by more evolved and less metamorphosed source rocks. Mineralizations of the eastern Harz (Straßberg-Neudorf) belong to the Permian association, those from the western Harz (Clausthal-Bad Grund) to the Triassic-Jurassic. Because of Pb isotope agreement the stratabound Rammelsberg and the vein bound Ramsbeck-I mineralization are presumed to be isogenetic. Pb isotope identity of distinct mineralizations in the basement zone (Halsbrücke-Bad Grund) and in the Triassic sediments (Gorny Slask-Mechernich-Bleiglanzbänke) suggests a strong genetic coherence. Pb isotope conformity between the Upper Carboniferous-Permian-Triassic ore associations and Hercynian postkinematic granitoids, and lamprophyric rocks, also favours a close relationship. Pb isotope and other data indicate crustal sources. As the age of the ore associations decreases, crustal influences generally increase, apart from the Roztoky mineralization.     

Excitation class of nebulae—An evolution criterion?

A principally new, quantitative system of the classification of the spectra of planetary nebulae is proposed. Spectral class of excitation class of the nebulap is determined according to the relative intensities of emission lines (N ₁+N ₂) [OIII]/4686 HeII and (N ₁+N ₂) [OIII]/H (Table I, Figure 1). The excitation classes are obtained for 142 planetary nebulae of all classes—low (p=1–3), middle (p=4–8), and high (p=9–12⁺) (Tables II, III, and IV). An empirical relationship between excitation classp and mean radius of nebulae is discovered (Figure 2). This relationship as well as excitation classp, as an independend parameter, admit an evolutionary interpretation. It is shown that after reaching the highest class of excitationp=12⁺ the nebulae decrease their class of excitation with the further increases of sizes. The diagram of this relationship has two nearly-symmetric branches — rising and descending with the apogee onp=12⁺ (Figure 2).