遥感图像村级道路提取方法研究

对高分辨率遥感图像0.64~0.72μm波段灰度图进行直方图拉伸增强对比度,通过设立阈值分割图像得到二值图,再基于数学形态学消除噪声填充孔洞。然后,利用软件进行自动矢量化。实验证明,该方法能有效处理遥感图像,已达到提取高分辨率遥感图像中村级道路的目的。     

SESEH 2012 Report

The 2012 Sino-European Symposium on Environment and Health (SESEH 2012) was successfully held at National University of Ireland, Galway during August 20-25, 2012.     

内蒙古巴音塔拉钼矿地质特征及成因探讨

巴音塔拉钼矿位于乌力吉-欧布拉格铜、金成矿带,钼矿体产在石炭系上统阿木山组中,矿体的形态、产状受岩性、构造控制较为明显,分布范围、产状与矽卡岩、角岩的分布范围、产状相一致。1-1号钼矿体平均品位为0.12%,最高品位为8.55%,品位系数变化较大;1-2号钼矿体平均品位为0.73%。矿床围岩蚀变强烈,与矿化关系较为密切的围岩蚀变主要有矽卡岩化、角岩化,化探异常主要元素组合为Mo、Au、Ag、Cu、Zn、W、Sn、Bi,各元素异常套合较好,均达4级以上浓度。矿床的围岩蚀变、元素地球化学特征等均具有矽卡岩型矿床的特点。     

基于石灰石粉钙源的微生物固化砂土试验研究

微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积（MICP）作用是一种新型的土体改良技术。钙源作为MICP反应中重要的反应物,对微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积的效果有重要的影响。目前应用最广泛的钙源——氯化钙（CaCl2）,具有成本高,环境污染性大的缺点。为此,文章提出利用石灰石粉提取钙源,通过在石灰石粉中加入乙酸溶液,释放钙离子用于微生物固化土体。通过开展无侧限抗压强度试验以及微观结构的扫描电镜观测、碳酸钙含量测定等分析,验证利用石灰石粉提取的钙源用于微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积作用固化土体的可行性,同时与醋酸钙和氯化钙固化砂柱进行了对比分析。研究结果表明：（1）石灰石粉用于微生物固化土体具有可行性,固化后砂柱的强度和碳酸钙含量较高,结构完整性高;（2）不同钙源固化砂柱的力学特性不同但均呈典型的脆性破坏模式,其中醋酸钙固化砂柱的无侧限抗压强度略高于石灰石钙源固化砂柱,氯化钙固化砂柱的无侧限抗压强度则远低于前两者且表面更加粗糙,孔隙更多,破坏后的完整性更低;（3）不同钙源固化砂柱的碳酸钙含量不同。醋酸钙和石灰石钙源固化砂柱的碳酸钙含量相近,而氯化钙固化砂柱中碳酸钙含量较低。不同钙源固化砂柱的碳酸钙含量和无侧限抗压强度基本呈正相关关系;（4）醋酸钙和石灰石钙源固化砂柱中砂土颗粒的表面和接触点间均沉积大量碳酸钙,碳酸钙晶体主要为薄片状堆叠的方解石。氯化钙固化砂柱中碳酸钙沉积量低于前两者,碳酸钙晶体主要为六面体状的方解石;（5）不同钙源主要通过影响微生物成矿过程的晶型、晶貌、晶体含量、晶体分布及胶结特征来改变固化效果。     

多传感器与道路网数据用于汽车导航的研究

对车载导航系统中GPS接收机，车论计数器和电子罗盘传感器数据与导航电子地图所提供的道路网络数据进行了综合处理，建立了道路网络数据的网络拓扑关系，在此基础上提出了基于道路网络拓扑关系，利用GPS接收机，车轮计数器和电子罗盘传感器对汽车进行实时定位的算法。最后，对导航中汽车的定位误差进行了分析。实验证明，GPS接收机，车轮计数器和电子罗盘传感器与道路网络数据综合，在导航过程中能够补偿GPS信号技失，实时、高精度、高可靠性地确定汽车的位置。     

Geochemistry of metals in sediments from the mainstem of the Yellow River, China

Sediment samples at 10 locations in the mainstem of the Yellow River were taken in 1994. Five forms (exchangeable, carbonate, organic, Fe/Mn oxide and residual) of metals were extracted by the Tessier method. The total contents and contents of the five forms of 16 metal elements (Li, Na, K, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Al) were determined by ICP-AES. In sediments of the Yellow River, except for Na, mobile elements (such as K, Ca) do not show a negative correlation with the immobile elements. Alkaline metals (Li, Na, and K), Ti, and Al exist mainly in the residual form. The exchangeable forms of alkaline-earth elements (Ca, Sr, and Ba) are the highest, and their residual forms go up with the increase of the period in the periodic table of elements. Half of Mn exists in the residual form, and its non-residual forms exist mainly in carbonate and oxide forms. Except Mn, the iron group elements (Fe, Co, Ni, V, Cr) mainly exist in the residual and oxide forms. High carbonate content of Ca does not cause high contents of other elements in carbonate form, showing that chemical weathering is not strong in the area.     

基于数据挖掘探讨孙达武治疗腰痛的用药规律

目的：基于数据挖掘探讨孙达武教授治疗腰痛的用药规律。方法：收集孙教授治疗腰痛患者的医案,采用中医传承辅助平台（V2.5）进行中药使用频次分析、四气五味归经、聚类分析等数据挖掘,分析其用药规律,并挖掘药物核心组合和提取新处方。结果：共纳入病案158则,处方158首,涉及药物61味。中药使用频次排名前10位的依次为杜仲、甘草、狗脊、续断、延胡索、牛膝、骨碎补、独活、透骨草、鸡血藤。中药功效以强筋壮骨类、活血止痛类为主。药性以温、平、寒为主,药味以苦、甘、辛为主,归经以肝、肾、脾经为主。根据关联规则和聚类分析得到高频药物组合12个,新方3首。结论：孙教授治疗腰痛强调三因制宜,以补肾活血为基本思路,注重顾护脾胃,以补益肝肾、强筋壮骨、活血化瘀、祛风除湿为治疗原则。     

长江下游升金湖沉积物记录的过去千年高分辨率气候环境变化

中国东部季风区气候格局具有强烈的时空差异,加强过去千年高分辨率气候变化历史重建及其机制研究对于深刻认识中国东部当今及未来气候变化趋势以及制定应对策略具有重要科学意义.本研究以长江中下游地区典型湖泊升金湖长度为86 cm的沉积岩芯为研究对象,在AMS 14C测年数据建立可靠年代框架的基础上,利用沉积物粒度、总有机碳(TO...     

Strength Characteristics of Fiber Reinforced Solidified Sludge During Drying

Sludge is a kind of solid waste with high natural moisture content and extremely poor mechanical properties. Adopting effective technical methods for rapid dewatering and increasing strength is an important prerequisite for realizing the utilization and efficient utilization of sludge resources. In this paper, discrete short-staple polypropylene fiber was selected as the reinforced material, cement and fly ash were used as the solidified materials. The unconfined compression test was carried out to study the strength change of the fiber reinforced solidified sludge in the drying path, and the drying was analyzed. The influence mechanism of different target moisture content states(5 \mathrm{\%} ~45 \mathrm{\%} ) and fiber content(0~0.8 \mathrm{\%} ) on the strength of reinforced solidified sludge during the process. The results show that: \mathrm{①} The addition of fiber can effectively improve the peak strength and residual strength of solidified sludge, and the strength value increases first and then decreases with the increase of fiber content, and the optimal fiber content is 0.1 \mathrm{\%} . \mathrm{②} During the drying process, the sample of the unconfined compressive strength increases with the decrease of the moisture content of approximate to linear, and the damage form by the plastic damage to brittle fracture transition gradually, and the addition of fibers can effectively restrain the brittle failure sample, enhance the toughness of specimen. \mathrm{③} The contribution of fiber reinforcement to the strength of solidified sludge increases gradually with the decrease of moisture content, and the root cause is that the fiber-sludge interface force can be better excited under the condition of low moisture content.