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Methods from chaos theory are applied to the analysis of the circulation in the Southern Ocean, using velocity fields produced by a realistic global ocean model. We plot the intersections of individual trajectories encircling Antarctica with a vertical plane in the Drake passage. This so-called Poincaré section shows a drastic difference between regular trajectories in a core region of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), and chaotic, mixing trajectories in the surrounding region. It also shows that there is a region with overturning circulation of approximately 3.5 Sv in the ACC, with downwelling on the northern side and upwelling on the southern side, which may be related to the Deacon cell. 相似文献
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ANDREW J. DUGMORE DAVID E. SUGDEN 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》1991,20(2):105-113
Ice-divide migration may explain the pattern of Holocene glacier fluctuations around the Mýrdalsjökull ice cap in southern Iceland. On at least three occasions Sölheimajokull, the principal outlet glacier on the southwest flank of the ice cap, has exceeded the Little Ice Age limits of recent centuries that mark the maximum extent of neighbouring glaciers in the Holocene. Bedrock divides beneath the Mýrdalsjökull ice cap do not coincide with present ice divides. It is suggested that the ice divide migrated during the course of ice-cap growth. At various stages during the Holocene (7000-4500, c. 3100, 1400-1200 BP) Sólheimajokull could have drained more of the ice cap than today, so becoming more advanced than neighbouring glaciers. In the Little Ice Age ( c. AD 1600–1900) the glacier could have had a smaller catchment as a result of ice-divide migration, resulting in a more inhibited advance compared with neighbouring glaciers which reached their Holocene maximum at that time. Identification of ice-divide migration is important for palaeoclimatic reconstructions because of the need to recognize different responses of glaciers to climate if one is to use their fluctuations as indicators of change. 相似文献
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The stratigraphic importance of fossils is never more apparent than in attempts to unravel the complexities of metamorphic terrains. The age and stratigraphic relationships of the thick metasedimentary and metavolcanic succession of Prins Karls Forland, western Svalbard, have been the subject of investigation and debate since the early part of this century (Hoel 1914; Craig 1916; Tyrrel 1924), and sharply different interpretations have been proposed (e.g. Harland et al. 1979; Hjelle et al. 1979). Until now, such interpretations have been unconstrained by palaeontological data, an understandable consequence of the metamorphic alteration undergone by these rocks. In this paper, we report the discovery of stratigraphically useful microfossils preserved in chert nodules from carbonaceous, dolomitic shales on northern Prins Karls Forland. These fossils have significant implications for the stratigraphic and structural interpretation of Forland metasediments, as well as for the more general problem of palaeontological prospecting in severely deformed and metamorphosed terrains, including those characteristic of the Archean Eon. 相似文献
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SARAH M. SPRINGMAN LUKAS U. ARENSON YUKO YAMAMOTO HANSRUEDI MAURER ANDREW KOS THOMAS BUCHLI GUIDO DERUNGS 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2012,94(2):215-243
This paper recognizes the contribution of Professor Wilfried Haeberli for his inspiration and leadership in the field of permafrost science and his generous encouragement, both direct and indirect, to the ETH Researchers who have, through him, endeavoured to contribute to this fascinating research area. The multidisciplinary investigations described in this paper have focused on three rock glaciers, Muragl, Murtèl‐Corvatsch and Furggwanghorn, all of which have been subject to a varying degree of prior study, and which are continuing to attract new generations of researchers to understand and explain the processes and predict future behaviour. This paper marks a stage at which it is possible to summarize some advances in the state of the art and associated innovations that can be attributed to early motivation by Wilfried Haeberli and offers a tribute as well as gratitude for his ongoing feedback and advice. Some thoughts on the development of thermokarst due to water ponding and flow, and a conceptual model of geotechnical mechanisms that aim to explain some aspects of rock glacier kinematics, are also introduced. 相似文献