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排序方式: 共有198条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
191.
Maria A. F. Silva Dias Juliana Dias Leila M. V. Carvalho Edmilson D. Freitas Pedro L. Silva Dias 《Climatic change》2013,116(3-4):705-722
Significant positive trends are found in the evolution of daily rainfall extremes in the city of São Paulo (Brazil) from 1933 to 2010. Climatic indices including ENSO, PDO, NAO and the sea surface temperature at the coast near São Paulo explain 85 % of the increasing frequency of extremes during the dry season. During the wet season the climatic indices and the local sea surface temperature explain a smaller fraction of the total variance when compared to the dry season indicating that other factors such as the growth of the urban heat island and the role of air pollution in cloud microphysics need to be taken into account to explain the observed trends over the almost eight decades. 相似文献
192.
193.
194.
A Simple Method of Estimating Scalar Fluxes Over Forests 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nelson Luis Dias Jinkyu Hong Monique Y. Leclerc T. Andrew Black Z. Nesic P. Krishnan 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2009,132(3):401-414
A simple aerodynamic-variance method is proposed to fill gaps in continuous CO2 flux measurements in rainy conditions, when open-path analysers do not function. The method requires turbulent conditions
(friction velocity greater than 0.1 ms–1), and uses measurements of mean wind speed, and standard deviations of temperature and CO2 concentration fluctuations to complement, and at times replace, eddy-covariance measurements of friction velocity, sensible
heat flux and CO2 flux. Friction velocity is estimated from the mean wind speed with a flux-gradient relationship modified for the roughness
sublayer. Since normalised standard deviations do not follow Monin-Obukhov similarity theory in the roughness sublayer, a
simple classification scheme according to the scalar turbulence scale was used. This scheme is shown to produce sensible heat
and CO2 flux estimates that are well correlated with the measured values. 相似文献
195.
Edmilson D. Freitas Christopher M. Rozoff William R. Cotton Pedro L. Silva Dias 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,122(1):43-65
The Town Energy Budget (TEB) model, a detailed urban parameterisation using a generalised canyon geometry, coupled with the
Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (RAMS) is used to simulate the wintertime local circulation in the megacity environment
of the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo (MASP) in Brazil. Model simulations are performed using actual topography and land-use
fields. Comparison with a simple urban parameterisation based on the LEAF-2 scheme is also shown. Validation is based on comparison
between model simulations and observations. Sensitivity tests with TEB reveal an important interaction between the sea breeze
and the MASP heat island circulation. Even though topography is known to play an important role in the MASP region’s weather,
in these tests the simulations were performed without topography in order to unambiguously identify the interaction between
the two local circulations. The urban heat island (UHI) forms a strong convergence zone in the centre of the city and thereby
accelerates the sea-breeze front toward the centre of the city. The presence of the urban region increases the sea-breeze
front propagation mean speed by about 0.32 m s−1 when compared with the situation of no city. After its arrival in the urban region, the sea-breeze front stalls over the
centre of the city for about 2 h. Subsequently, the sea breeze progresses beyond the city when the heat island dissipates.
Thereafter, the sea breeze propagates beyond the urban area at a decelerated rate compared to a simulation without an UHI. 相似文献
196.
Andrey Linhares Bezerra de Oliveira Júlio Carlos Afonso Lilian da Silva Arnaldo Alcover Neto Manuel Castro Carneiro Lílian Irene Dias da Silva Maria Inês Couto Monteiro 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2019,43(4):689-699
Rare earth elements (REEs) are very important to technological development as well as to geochemical and environmental studies. In this work, hydrofluoric acid (HF) was replaced by condensed phosphoric acid (CPA) in the digestion of geological samples, and the quantification of REEs was performed by inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES). Six international reference materials (RMs), named DC86318, CGL 111, CGL 124, CGL 126, OKA‐2 and COQ‐1 and three Brazilian ore samples, named Araxá, Catalão and Pitinga were analysed. Only zircon and xenotime, which are potential REE‐bearing minerals, were not completely dissolved. Nevertheless, no REE associated with zircon was detected. The investigated digestion method presented many advantages: It was relatively fast (3 h), avoided fluoride precipitation, it was less hazardous because handling diluted H3PO4 is safer than HF, NH4F or NH4HF2 aqueous solutions, it preserved the quartz fittings of the measurement equipment and the final solution contained lower levels of total dissolved solids than those produced by the fusion method. 相似文献
197.
C. Costa A. P. Reis E. Ferreira da Silva F. Rocha C. Patinha A. C. Dias C. Sequeira D. Terroso 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(4):1133-1145
The main purposes of this study are the textural, chemical and mineralogical characterization of the urban soils of Lisbon
and the identification of probable relations between the several soil properties. The results are used to infer which soil
properties control the superficial dispersion of potential harmful elements to human health. Soil sampling was carried out
in 51 selected sites all through the city, under the criterion that such sites should be spaces usually frequented by children.
The concentrations of 42 elements in the >2 mm soil size fraction were determined at a commercial laboratory in Canada (ActLabs,
LTD), by ICP-MS/ICP-OES after an acid digestion with aqua regia. The soil mineralogy was determined by X-ray diffraction in
the <2 and <62 μm size fractions. The results indicate that the urban soils have mainly a sandy texture and a main mineralogical
assemblage of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase and calcite. In terms of clay minerals, smectite, illite and kaolinite are the
main clays in the soil. Smectite and illite show a dichotomy in their distribution, with the smectites prevailing in the soils
of the volcanic complex of Lisbon, which are classified as being residual, and illite prevailing in the remaining soils, which
are considered mainly as man-made soils. Smectite seems to exert an important role in the fixation of Ni and Cr. The results
of the geochemical study show that Ni and Cr have concentrations above the soil guideline value established to the UK and
pose a probable risk to human health. 相似文献
198.
Hoang-Giang Bui Jelena Nini Ngoc-Anh Do Daniel Dias Günther Meschke 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2022,46(1):205-217
In this technical note, a consistent finite element formulation of the Hyperstatic Reaction Method (HRM) for tunnel linings design is proposed by introducing a variational consistently linearized formulation. It permits to consider a nonlinear interaction between a lining structure and the surrounding ground. Recent advances of the HRM in regard to the consideration of the nonlinear response of the segmented tunnel lining exposed to design loads use an iterative algorithm for solving the nonlinear system of equations. In the proposed Variationally consistent Hyperstatic Reaction Method (VHRM), a distributed nonlinear spring model representing the interaction between the lining and the ground soils is considered in a variationally consistent format. Computing the tangential spring stiffness via consistent linearization, and using Newton-Raphson iteration, requires significantly smaller number of iterations as compared to the original HRM model based on nodal springs. Furthermore, the method is applicable for simulations using solid finite elements (2D and 3D), as well as beam or finite shell elements, respectively. 相似文献