Analysis of fatty acid composition of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus using multivariate statistics

Fatty acids （FAs） provide energy and also can be used to trace trophic relationships among organisms. Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus goes into a state of aestivation during warm summer months. We examined fatty acid profiles in aestivated and non-aestivated A. japonicus using multivariate analyses （PERMANOVA, MDS, ANOSIM, and SIMPER）. The results indicate that the fatty acid profiles of aestivated and non-aestivated sea cucumbers differed significantly. The FAs that were produced by bacteria and brown kelp contributed the most to the differences in the fatty acid composition of aestivated and non- aestivated sea cucumbers. Aestivated sea cucumbers may synthesize FAs from heterotrophic bacteria during early aestivation, and long chain FAs such as eicosapentaenoic （EPA） and docosahexaenoic acid （DHA） that produced from intestinal degradation, are digested during deep aestivation. Specific changes in the fatty acid composition of A. japonicus during aestivation needs more detailed study in the future.     

Effects of an artificial oyster shell reef on macrobenthic communities in Rongcheng Bay,East China

An artificial oyster shell reef was deployed in Rongcheng Bay, East China. However, the effects of this reef on the surrounding macrobenthic communities were unknown. We compared sedimentary factors, macrobenthic biomass, abundance, and community composition and ecological indicators between the reef and non-reef areas over a one year period. The mean values for chlorophyll a （Chl a）, total organic matter （TOM）, total organic carbon （TOC）, and total nitrogen （TN） content in surface sediments in the reef area were slightly higher than those in the non-reef area. The Chl a levels differed significantly between the two areas, but the TOM, TOC, and TN were not significantly different. The abundance of crustaceans was significantly different between the two areas, but the abundance and biomass ofpolychaetes, echinoderms, mollusk did not differ significantly. The permutational multivariate analysis of variance （PERMANOVA） revealed that the macrobenthic community differed significantly through time and analysis of similarity multivariate analyses （ANOSIM） revealed that the macrobenthic community differed significantly in some months. The ecological indicators revealed that the environmental quality of the reef area was slightly better than that of the non-reef area. Overall, our results suggest that the artificial oyster shell reef may change the macrobenthic community and the quality of the environment. Despite the lack of an effect in the short term, long-term monitoring is still needed to evaluate the effects of artificial oyster shell reefs on macrobenthic communities.     

Effects of rearing temperature and density on growth, survival and development of sea cucumber larvae, Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka)

In laboratory conditions, effects of rearing temperature and stocking density were examined on hatching of fertilized egg and growth of auricularia larvae of Apostichopus japonicus respectively. Data series like larval length and density, metamorphic time, and survival rate of the larvae were recorded. Statistics showed that for A. japonicus, survival rate (from fertilized egg to late auricularia) decreased significantly with the increasing rearing temperature (P<0.05). At different temperatures SGR was statistically significant as well (P<0.05) from day 1, and maximal SGR was found on day 9 at 24°C (159.26±3.28). This study clearly indicated that at low temperature (<24°C), metamorphic rate was remarkably higher than at higher temperature (>26°C). Hatching rate was significantly different between 0.2–5 ind./ml groups and 20–50 ind./ml groups. Rearing larvae at the higher density had the smaller maximal-length, whereas needed longer time to complete metamorphosis. This study suggested that 21°C and 0.4 ind./ml can be used as the most suitable rearing temperature and stocking density for large -scale artificial breeding of A. japonicus’s larvae.     

石油开发污染物毒性监测的实验生物筛选Ⅰ：钻井泥浆对水生？…

用静水式试验方法评价和比较了两种钻井泥浆的水可溶部份对斑节对虾仔虾,罗氏沼虾仔虾,虾虎鱼和剑尾鱼等４种水生动物的急性毒性。结果表明：泥浆水溶性成分对斑节对虾仔虾,罗氏沼虾仔虾,蚜虎鱼和剑尾鱼的半数致死浓度均明显大于１００００ｍｇ／Ｌ（１％）,但斑节对虾仔虾对泥浆水可溶性成份的敏感性高于其余３种动物,适于钻井泥浆毒性试验。     

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普兰店市金厂沟红土型金矿基本特征及勘查评价工作建议

金厂沟红土型金矿在辽南地区属首次发现。该金矿为改造红土型金矿,产出于原生矿体之上或其附近的残坡积红土中,划分为三种类型:残积型、坡积型和残坡积型。矿体总体呈近东西向条带状分布,规模较大,品位较高,开发利用前景较好。根据矿体出露形态特征、地质特征及初步取得的基本数据进行分析和统计,对勘查评价工作手段、工程网度及工业品位指标的选取提出建议。     

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胶南地块的隆升-伸展构造

岩石学及同位素地质学研究均表明，含榴辉岩的胶南地块在高温高压变质后经历过快速降压过程，这一过程在构造上表现为隆升－伸展构造。这种构造在胶南地块有两种形式：其一为地块内部的垂向缩短、水平向伸展构造，以浅色脉体的变形为特征，并反映出从深层次向浅层次的转化；另一为地块边部的正滑型构造带，可分为早期塑性变形和叠加于其上的且分布于地块外侧的晚期脆性－半脆性变形。反映运动矢量的拉伸线理走向呈放射状：北段走向近南北，中西段近东西。这是地块北西侧的变形特点，东南侧情况不明。北部正滑型剪切带中白云母40Ar／39Ar坪年龄表明，伸展构造的时代为146Ma±。这次构造运动可能由俯冲至上地幔的大洋板块与地壳拆离造成的重力均衡所引起，其结果不仅使得大陆地壳上隆，而且还使榴辉岩从下地壳上升至地表。     

超临界CO2增强热卤水开采模型研究

面对全球气候变化和能源紧缺的巨大压力,CO₂地质利用技术成为研究的焦点。为了实现CO₂减排及资源化利用,提出了利用超临界CO₂增强卤水提取和地热能开采的CO₂地质利用集成系统的概念。通过建立CO₂注入热卤水储层的质量平衡模型,分析了不同流量的卤水生产、CO₂注入以及储层边界流对储层变化的影响,初步评估了该系统的CO₂封存量、卤水提取量以及储层流体组成变化的时间尺度。研究表明,注入CO₂提供了热卤水层的压力维持,促进卤水和地热资源的可持续开采,对于江陵凹陷研究区9×108 m3的储层有效体积,注入9.95×106 t CO₂可提取17.12×106 t卤水,时间尺度超过30 a。对于50~1 000 kg/s的卤水生产速度,可以产生0.9~18.8 MW电力。同时,该技术增加了CO₂的封存容量和效率,有利于CO₂大规模安全封存,经济和环境效益显著。