不同景观区水化学方法普查隐伏多金属矿的应用结果

水是化学元素迁移的一种主要营力,其溶解物质影响水体的pH值高低,pH值又控制着元素迁移的习性。水中化学元素的含量受景观条件的制约,但矿化类型是元素组合的决定因素。本文在两个地区的试验研究结果论证了水化学方法在气候潮湿、地表污染严重地区测量结果在指示找矿方面的可靠性,同时也证明了在半干旱的风成沙覆盖区进行找矿的作用。经研究总结,确定不同矿化类型水化学指标,肯定了方法的效果,并发现了找矿的有利地段。     

乌努格吐山斑岩型铜钼矿床地球化学异常结构研究

以乌努格吐山试验区钻孔岩芯中MgO、CaO、Na2O贫化现象为切入点,结合乌努格吐山斑岩铜钼矿床蚀变分带明显和矿化特征,发现钻孔中CaO、MgO、Na2O等组分相对各自丰度明显贫化的信息可以反映到地表岩石上来。讨论了这种贫化信息与成矿元素Cu、Mo在钻孔岩芯和地表岩石中的关系,并对该试验区47种元素的地球化学特征进行研究,讨论了这些元素的富集贫化特征与成矿元素和CaO、MgO、Na2O等组分构成的整体元素地球化学特征。根据该矿床的富集与贫化两类元素所表现的地球化学特征,建立该矿床地球化学异常结构。此项成果对斑岩型铜钼矿床地球化学勘查方法与理论的完善具有重要意义。     

Physical, chemical and microbiological characterization of the intertidal sediments of Pereque Beach, Guarujá (SP), Brazil

Physical and chemical characteristics of intertidal sediments and their relationships with bacteria and cyanobacteria were analyzed at four stations at Pereque Beach. Granulometric analysis showed that Pereque beach has sediment that is classified as sand. The lowest value of the sediment C/N rates (6.08), mainly due to a higher concentration of organic nitrogen, was found at the northern part of Pereque Beach, where organic matter of marine source was more prominent. In this area, density (9.6x10(6)cells cm(-3)), biomass (1992.04ngC cm(-3)) and activity of bacteria were higher than at the southern end. In contrast, cyanobacteria density varied from 2.0 to 4.0x10(5)cells cm(-3), with biomass and total chlorophyll a of the sediment being higher at the southern part, where there are water input from Pereque River and higher organic matter of continental origin. The variability in the microbial population is discussed in the light of the sediment granulometry, organic matter quality, fresh water inflow and pollution.     

Practical issues in imaging hydraulic conductivity through hydraulic tomography

Hydraulic tomography has been developed as an alternative to traditional geostatistical methods to delineate heterogeneity patterns in parameters such as hydraulic conductivity (K) and specific storage (S(s)). During hydraulic tomography surveys, a large number of hydraulic head data are collected from a series of cross-hole tests in the subsurface. These head data are then used to interpret the spatial distribution of K and S(s) using inverse modeling. Here, we use the Sequential Successive Linear Estimator (SSLE) of Yeh and Liu (2000) to interpret synthetic pumping test data created through numerical simulations and real data generated in a laboratory sandbox aquifer to obtain the K tomograms. Here, we define "K tomogram" as an image of K distribution of the subsurface (or the inverse results) obtained via hydraulic tomography. We examine the influence of signal-to-noise ratio and biases on results using inverse modeling of synthetic and real cross-hole pumping test data. To accomplish this, we first show that the pumping rate, which affects the signal-to-noise ratio, and the order of data included into the SSLE algorithm both have large impacts on the quality of the K tomograms. We then examine the role of conditioning on the K tomogram and find that conditioning can improve the quality of the K tomogram, but can also impair it, if the data are of poor quality and conditioning data have a larger support volume than the numerical grid used to conduct the inversion. Overall, these results show that the quality of the K tomogram depends on the design of pumping tests, their conduct, the order in which they are included in the inverse code, and the quality as well as the support volume of additional data that are used in its computation.     

隐伏矿的地球化学找矿方法技术研究

本课题是“七五”国家重点科技攻关项目。从1986年12月始至1990年5月结束,在历时近五年的时间内,通过三个地区两类不同的隐伏矿床上开展的岩石、土壤、气体、矿物以及面积性水化学测量等项试验研究工作,经分析研究综合获得如下主要成果:     

浙江省下寒武统荷塘组黑色页岩系地球化学特征

首次根据浙江省西北部荷塘组岩石样品的实测数据,提出了浙江省荷塘组黑色岩系6个岩性层的Pt、Pd、Au、Ag、Cu、As、Sb、Pb、Mo、Ni、V、P、U、B、Cd、Tl、Se、Zn元素的平均值,运用微量元素和稀土元素的配分模式探讨了成岩环境及元素高含量对环境的影响.荷塘组富集元素较多,富集程度高的有Mo、Se、Cd、Ag、Sb、U、As、P;较富集的有V、B、Cu、Tl、Zn,弱富集的为Au、Pt、Pb、Ni.综合地质地球化学特征研究认为,荷塘组黑色岩系具有寻找含钼、磷、矾和有色金属矿产的潜力.     

Response of intertidal macrobenthic communities to long term human induced changes in the Eo estuary (Asturias, Spain): implications for environmental management

Long term macrobenthos data together with physical habitat parameters were analysed to investigate spatial and temporal changes at an estuary under different anthropogenic pressures, mainly increasing shellfish farming. The aim was to assess the possible impacts of these pressures on the macrobenthic communities by comparing a period before and after changes in these pressures. Benthic samples were seasonally collected in 1990 (before major anthropogenic changes), 2000 and 2005 at the same sampling stations located on three different habitats in the Eo estuary (Northern Spanish coast). Multivariate and univariate methods were used to assess spatial variability of benthic assemblages and to compare community changes over time. Data from 1990 was assumed as the reference situation to appraise the subsequent impacts. We observed a significant spatial variability of the benthic assemblages in the system as a function of habitat heterogeneity in relation to sediment composition, presence/absence and density of seagrasses, and hydrodynamic regime. Changes were detected in the community composition at all sites during this 15 year period. The extent of changes was related to initial community conditions, rather than the intensity of the pressure. The results suggest that the responses of the benthic communities to human induced perturbations occurring in the system are largely dependent on its intrinsic buffer capacity, and that these communities have been able to cope with an increasing environmental stress (organic enrichment). In conclusion, to keep shellfish farming at a sustainable level without undesirable impacts, the disturbance intensity must be kept below the system carrying capacity. This will allow natural communities to cope with pressures and thus avoid further deterioration in ecological quality.     

采矿及相关活动对美国爱达荷州科伦达湖中沉积物微量元素地球化学…

１９８９年至１９９０年间，在爱达荷州科伦达湖中采集了１２组重力岩心样品和１５０个抓取的湖底沉积物样品，用于确定湖底沉积物中微量元素的浓度、分配以及表层和下部微量元素的分布模式。此外，从一个钻孔中选取副样分析放射性＾１３７Ｃｓ，用以开始确立该湖的向量元素地球化学演化史。     

平原区多目标地球化学调查异常查证及生态效应评价方法

针对平原区多目标地球化学调查工作中亟待解决的技术问题，在试验研究资料基础上，本文提出了平原区多目标地球化学调查异常查证及生态效应评价方法。异常查证阶段，首先应用相关关系法确定异常组分的地球化学基准值，而后进行异常分类，确定异常的成因和形成机理，为异常生态效应评价提供理论基础。在异常生态效应评价中，首先要弄清土壤中异常组分全量与其活性组分间的关系，进而探讨土壤和农作物中异常组分的含量关系，最终依据相关标准，评估农作物中重金属元素的含量水平，及其通过食物链对人体健康可能造成的危害。