赤点石斑鱼人工繁殖的研究 Ⅰ.亲鱼的室内自然产卵

作者１９９５年在漳州市东山湾水产增殖中心进行赤点石斑鱼（Ｅｐｉｎｅｐｈｅｌｕｓａｋａａｒａ，对人工繁殖研究时，对亲鱼产卵前及产卵期间的摄饵，每天的产卵量及卵质进行了观察、研究，报道如下：１材料与方法１．１亲鱼亲鱼共１９尾，于１９９４年１２月初购自东山县海上网箱养殖户，系从自然海区钓捕，经２～３ａ养殖的群体。养于海上网箱，日常投喂小杂鱼，并定期投喂一定比例的维生素饲料添加剂。至１９９５年５月２１日测得平均全长３５．９ｃｍ，体重９１６．５ｇ。５月２８日亲鱼移往室内产卵池，经检查雌、雄比为：雌：雄：不…     

偕胺肟树脂的吸铀机理

通过对偕胺肟树脂对铀的吸附等温线和吸附速率测定,研究了偕胺肟树脂在海水中的吸铀机理,实验表明树脂吸铀量随温度上升而增加,亦随pH值不同而变,由热力学计算的吸附焓变为ΔH=42.4千焦尔/摩尔,由动力学计算的吸附表观活化能为41.2千焦尔/摩尔,结果表明吸附过程是通过树脂的偕胺肟基对铀酰离子的化学吸附,而树脂对铀酰离子吸附能力的次序为:UO₂2+>[UO₂(OH)₃]->[UO₂(CO₃)₃]4-。     

太阳活动11年周期与埃尔—尼诺现象形成的关系

本文利用本世纪以来所出现的埃尔－尼诺现象和太阳活动资料，分析了太阳活动１１年周期单周和双周内埃尔－尼诺现象的发生频数及其差异，并分析了单周和双周内埃尔－尼诺现象的形成与太阳活动１１年周期位相的关系，以期对埃尔－尼诺现象的预测提供太阳活动的背景。     

Wave Defending Effects of V-Type Bottom-Mounted Breakwaters

An analytical method is developed for the study of the wave defending effects of the V-type bottom-mounted breakwater. The breakwater is assumed to be rigid, thin, impermeable and vertically located in water of constant depth. The fluid domain is divided into three sub-regions by an imaginary interface. The velocity potential in each region is expanded by eigenfunctions. By satisfying the corresponding boundary conditions and matching conditions in and between sub-regions, a set of hnear algebraic equations can be obtained to determine the unknown coetfficients for the eigenfunction expansions for each sub-region. The accuracy of the present model is verified by a comparison with existing results for the case of an isolated breakwater. Numerical results, in the form of contour maps of the relative wave amplitude around the breakwater, are presented for a range of wave and breakwater parameters. The results show that the V-type bottommounted breakwater is generally effective in defending against waves. In general, the wave height in the protected area is about 20-50 percent of the incident wave height.     

MECHANISM OF URANIUM ADSORPTION ON AMIDOXIME RESIN

The mechanism of uranium adsorption from seawater by polyacrylamidoxime resin is investigated by means of the experiments of adsorption isotherm and adsorption rate. The uranium uptake increases with the adsorption temperature and varies with the pH of seawater. Thermochemical and kinetic calculation show that the enthalpy change (△H) and the activation energy (E) of the uranium adsorption are 42.4 42.4 kJ mol-1 and 41.2 kJ mol-1 respectively, indicating that the uranium adsorption on the resin proceeds via a certain complex chemical reaction in which the amidoxime group in the resin chelates uranyl ions.     

海洋有毒动物的毒性研究——河鲀的毒性实验

海洋有毒动物,在魚类中有河(?)和鬼鲉;在棘皮动物中有毒棘海胆;在腔赐动物中有水螅、水母、海蜇、海笔和海葵等。这些动物有的直接影响它们周围的动物,给海津养殖业带来危害;有的直接彩响人们的健康,甚至危害生命。我国沿海渔民曾因误食有毒动物而受害,其中尤以食河(?)受毒者为数较多,而且常有中毒致命的事故发生。因此,今天对海洋有毒动物进行研究,对于海洋养殖事业及人休健康是有现实意义的。本文仅以河魨为材料进行毒性实验,作为有毒动物研究的开始。     

SARS之后我国渔业的五大发展趋势

2003年,随着我国“渔业捕捞许可证”、“水产养殖许可证”制度的全面推广与实施,一个声势浩大、前所未有的“以法治渔”、“以法兴渔”的浪潮在全国兴起。各级政府结合新修订的《渔业法》,针对新形势、新情况,陆续出台了一系列配套性、地方性渔业法规及规定。2003年1月,深圳市根据农业部及国家质检总局颁发的《水产品药物残留专项整治计划》及相关规定率先出台“水产品出口安全的五项检验标准”,以保护大多数守法渔农利益,提高我国出口水产品在国际市场中的竞争力;山东省制定了“无公害水产品行动计划”,全面实施从鱼池到餐桌全过程安全控制…     

Estrogenic responses of larval sunshine bass (Morone saxatilis x M. Chrysops) exposed to New York City sewage effluent

To determine the estrogenicity of effluents from sewage treatment plants (STPs) to larval fish, 2-day-old sunshine bass were exposed to effluents from three STPs serving New York City (NYC), varying in size and treatment level. Estrogenic response was evaluated by measuring vitellogenin (VTG) and estrogen receptor (ER) expression in cytosolic fractions of whole body homogenates. Concentrations of the presumptive endocrine disruptors in the effluents were also measured. VTG and ER levels in sewage-exposed fish were 3-5 times that observed in controls. Combined concentrations of estradiol and estrone ranged from 5 to 13 ng/l and nonylphenol-ethoxylate metabolites (NPEOs: 4-nonylphenol, and 1-, 2-, and 3-nonylphenol-ethoxylates) ranged from 180 to 470 microg/l in chlorinated effluent. Results indicate that both ER and VTG can be used as biomarkers for endocrine disruption in larval fish, and that 4-day exposure to sewage effluent is sufficient to elicit significant expression of these markers in sunshine bass larvae. The extremely higher concentrations of NPEOs found in effluent relative to hormones (approximately 40,000-fold) indicates that surfactant metabolites may be contributing significantly to the estrogenic effects observed.     

南海热带海洋化学元素与地球起源理论——次生星云说

康德—拉普拉斯的“原始星云说”是风靡世界的地球起源理论，该理论主张地球是从“原始星云”转化而来的。笔者对此理论明确提出质疑。阐述了南海化学元素的多样性及其来源，以及在星云中发生的合成元素的核过程，据此指出，地球全部海洋化学元素是在星体演化的不同阶段、不同类型核反应的综合产物，而绝非简单地从康德—拉普拉斯的“原始星云”中产生的；也就是说，是另一颗恒星或超新星聚变爆发形成的次生星云创造了地球。