2009年意大利中部阿奎拉地震DInSAR同震位移的有限断层反演

根据环境卫星Envisat和COSMO—SkyMed模型（为同震位错研究而首次设计的X波段反演干涉图）的DInSAR干涉图,确定了2009年4月6日阿奎拉Mw=6．3级地震时激发的断层几何形状及运动特征。我们的主震最佳拟合解为一个约16km长、12km宽的正断层,存在小的右旋分量,向西南倾斜47°,最大滑动约90cm。虽然地震位错可能只有1km深,但是断层面的上倾投影与标绘的帕加尼卡-南德米特里奥断层的北段相符合,在现场观察到了该断层地表破裂的迹线。该断层在现有震源目录中的缺失表明,需要对具体的地表和地下进行进一步的地质和地球物理勘测,以便对局部规模的地震危险性做出更准确的评估。     

Sampling epifauna, a necessity for a better assessment of benthic ecosystem functioning: an example of the epibenthic aggregated species Ophiothrix fragilis from the Bay of Seine

Sampling the sea bottom surface remains difficult because of the surface hydraulic shock due to water flowing through the gear (i.e., the bow wave effect) and the loss of epifauna organisms due to the gear’s closing mechanism. Slow-moving mobile epifauna, such as the ophiuroid Ophiothrix fragilis, form high-density patches in the English Channel, not only on pebbles like in the Dover Strait or offshore Brittany but also on gravel in the Bay of Seine (>5000 ind m⁻²). Such populations form high biomasses and control the water transfer from the water column to the sediment. Estimating their real density and biomass is essential for the assessment of benthic ecosystem functioning using trophic web modelling. In this paper, we present and discuss the patch patterns and sampling efficiency of the different methods for collecting in the dense beds of O. fragilis in the Bay of Seine. The large Hamon grab (0.25 m⁻²) highly under-estimated the ophiuroid density, while the Smith McIntyre appeared adequate among the tested sampling grabs. Nowadays, diving sampling, underwater photography and videos with remote operated vehicle appear to be the recommended alternatives to estimate the real density of such dense slow-moving mobile epifauna.     

Impact of Aircraft NOx Emission on NOx and Ozone over China

A three-dimensional global chemistry transport model (OSLO CTM2) is used to investigate the impact of subsonic aircraft NOx emission on NOz and ozone over China in terms of a year 2000 scenario of subsonic aircraft NOx emission. The results show that subsonic aircraft NOx emission significantly affects northern China, which makes NOx at 250 hPa increase by about 50 pptv with the highest percentage of 60% in January, and leading to an ozone increase of 8 ppbv with 5% relative change in April. The NOx increase is mainly attributed to the transport process, but ozone increase is produced by the chemical process. The NOx increases by less than 10 pptv by virtue of subsonic aircraft NOx emission over China,and ozone changes less than 0.4 ppbv. When subsonic aircraft NOx emission over China is doubled, its influence is still relatively small.     

A pilot survey on antimicrobial activity and diversity of soil-derived actinobacteria from different depths in Gudzhirganskoe saline lake in Eastern Siberia

To explore pharmaceutical actinobacteria from salty environments in Siberia, 8 soil samples were collected from different depths of Gudzhirganskoe saline lake, the Republic of Buryatia, Russia.Totally, 635 actinobacterial strains affiliated with 21 genera in 12 families of 7 orders were obtained by culture-dependent approaches. The predominant genus was Streptomyces(74.5%), followed by Microbacterium(4.9%), Agromyces(3.5%), Nocardiopsis(3.0%), and Kitasatospora(2.5%). Seven strains showed relati...     

Oxidative stress in Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta, Nereididae): environmental and seasonal effects

Laeonereis acuta was seasonally collected in an industrially polluted site (P) and in an unpolluted site (UP) at the Patos Lagoon estuary (southern Brazil). Glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity (U/mg protein) was determined in five groups of worms from each site. Metallothionein (MT - mol GSH/g ww) and lipid peroxides content (LPO - nmoles of cumene hydroperoxide/g ww) were also measured. Annual mean values for CAT (UP=3.7+/-0.3; P=5.7+/-0.6), GST (UP=0.034+/-0.003; P=0.045+/-0.004) and MT (UP=0.15+/-0.02; P=0.23+/-0.03) were higher (p<0.05) in worms from the P site. In autumn, CAT activity was higher (p<0.05) in worms from the P site (7.6 +/- 1.3) than in those from the UP site (3.6 +/- 0.4). In summer, MT concentration was higher in worms from the P site (0.37 +/- 0.03) than in those from the UP site (0.19 +/- 0.01). No significant difference (p>0.05) in the LPO content was observed in worms from the different sites or collected in different seasons. These results indicate that worms from the polluted site showed higher antioxidant responses than those from the unpolluted site, sufficient to prevent oxidative damage in terms of LPO.     

埃及东部沙漠南部埃尔贝达地区晚元古代岩中剪切带金的成矿作用

埃及东部沙漠地区由多种晚元古代岩石组成.它们以蛇绿岩、变辉长岩、变枕状玄武岩、岛弧变沉积岩与变火山岩组合体以及同构造期花岗岩等形式产出.蛇绿岩呈小规模、沿碳酸盐化剪切带逆冲于变火山岩之上的北北西向拉伸岩片.逆冲的岩石以发育滑石-碳酸盐、菱镁矿囊状体和石英-碳酸盐细脉为特征.埃尔贝达地区被另一条穿过变枕状玄武岩和变火山岩滑动的北西向逆冲断层所切割.石英脉与深成蚀变作用(即硅化和绿泥石化)广泛发育于逆冲构造面,构成了一条多样化的剪切带. 埃尔贝克金矿位于限定在蛇绿岩和变枕状玄武岩中的两条剪切带内(北西-南东向).金矿化主要与该区早期变形事件(D1)相伴.在晚元古代岩石板块消减期间,两期热液流体的注入影响着剪切带.在矿物方面,剪切带含有绿泥石、磁铁矿、赤铁矿、钛铁矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、针铁矿、褐铁矿、铜兰、斑铜矿和金.产于逆冲区蛇绿岩内的碳酸盐化剪切带(SiO2＜50%),金含量很低(0.24～0.45ppm),而变枕状玄武岩中的硅化剪切带富含SiO2(＞80%)且含金达45 ppm.观察到金以与石英连生的细颗粒金(约0.3 mm)、微细粒包裹体金(20～0.5 μm),或以与赤铁矿和孔雀石共生的细小不规则状斑点的形式产出.也发现从蚀变赤铁矿中活化形成的金呈微细粒、不规则状斑点(约10 μm).分析硅化剪切带内的石英脉和赤铁矿中的微粒金,含金量分别为92%和94%.     

地下水地球化学在西澳墨旗地区勘查中的应用

黑旗地区是一个典型伊尔岗地块金矿区,有多种产状的构造控制原生矿化,矿化大部分以太古代镁铁质火山岩和侵入岩为母岩。从８０年代就开始了勘查和采矿活动,但主要是采表生矿。表生矿发育在原生矿化之上或领近地区的强风化的表层土内。经济矿床地产在埋藏的第三系古河道系内,对此仅部分地进行了勘查。大多数未勘查的远景区都被深部运移覆盖层覆盖或强烈淋滤,这就降低了现有地球化学量技术的效果。综合性地下水地球化学发现了广泛     

三种干旱指标的比较分析

测试了三种干旱指标,并讨论了它们在描述不同干旱强度的干旱期方面的性能,作了相互比较。这些指标是:雨量距平指标(RAI)、Bhalme和Mooley干旱指标(BMDI)、Palmer干旱指标(PDI)。用内布拉斯加州资料作为例子,结果表明,在检测干旱期方面,这三种指标都是有效的。分析结果认为降水是影响气象干旱的最重要的气候因素。因此,可以得出结论:在进行单站分析时,用雨量这一简单指标和比较复杂的干旱指标,在描述干旱期和干旱强度方面,效果是相同的。