雁列走滑断层发展的相互力学作用效应

雁列走滑断层的重叠几何学已为人们所孰识。通过测量叠量和相邻断层之间的距离，标绘并互相对比了１２０多个例子，我们已经使这些观测值定量化。尽管有在的离散，然而资料显示的线性倾向证明重叠量的增加与相邻断层之间的距离成比例，直到一个极限值。使用位移不连续的数值模拟，按照断层的相互作用，我们分析了这些值得注意的关系。结果表明，断层的相互作用事实上是一个对雁列走滑断层重叠几何形状有很大控制作用的重要因素。     

大气环流模式射出长波辐射日循环模拟

1.引言由卫星观测平台进行的地球辐射平衡(ERB)观测表明,它对于气候研究及气候模式的合理化具有重要意义(Hartmann等,1986).这些资料能直接给出地球气候系统的能源——辐射加热的水平分布.此外,由于辐射热受到云量的强烈影响,这些资料还含有云的分布及其辐射特征的信息.因此,这种观测可以为大气通用环流模式(AGCM)     

是矿地产评估还是按你的愿望说个数?

根据“澳大利亚公司法”的要求,“独立专家报告”一般是支持资本筹集或保护公司兼并和收购活动所必需的文件。1995年颁发的“矿地产评估规范”(VALMIN Code)及该规范1998年的修订本又就透明性和实质性做了关键的要求,使这类评价和评估报告的可理解性比过去大大提高了。为促使“独立评估人”对其为资源性资产所做的估价给予合理的解释,VALMIN希望评估报告的读者指出报告在评估方法方面的错误和不合逻辑之处,并允许对评估结果提出严肃的质疑甚至反对。尽管资源性资产评估实践中的许多要求不可否认都是主观的,但这些主观要素肯定是建立在某些客观理由的基础之上的。 独立资源性资产评估人是矿产勘查人/采矿人与经纪人/分析家/资金管理者/投资者之间必不可少的桥梁。矿业和金融业都不希望他们使用不适当或无效的评估方法或在评估中使用不合逻辑的步骤。本文考察了某些不够合理的评估程序,发现有些评估人普遍使用的评价矿地产公平市价的主要技术最近一直被应用于某些评估实践中。作者希望阻止评估人采取或肆意使用“你希望是多少?”这类方法。 MINVAL公司认为,对任何资源性资产的评估都应采用尽可能多的方法。如果有任何近似的估计结果(尤其是当这些结果是使用不太主观的现有方法得出时),即:如果有些结果相近     

A NEW MODEL FOR PEBBLE BEACH TRACER DISPERSAL

A series of eight tracer experiments were carried out over one year (1983) on a low energy, macro-tidal beach in South Wales, UK. Tracer movement was monitored and 30 pebbles adjacent to coloured tracer pebbles were measured. Measurements were of the A, B, and C axes, roundness, Maximum Projection Sphericity and Oblate-Prolate indices. Analysis shows that through time, the percentage rejection of these properties increased. It is theorised that the surface tracers are 'misfits' or 'rejects' which have not found their equilibrium position in the pebble facies.     

On the Radii of Close-in Giant Planets

The recent discovery that the close-in extrasolar giant planet HD 209458b transits its star has provided a first-of-its-kind measurement of the planet's radius and mass. In addition, there is a provocative detection of the light reflected off of the giant planet tau Bootis b. Including the effects of stellar irradiation, we estimate the general behavior of radius/age trajectories for such planets and interpret the large measured radii of HD 209458b and tau Boo b in that context. We find that HD 209458b must be a hydrogen-rich gas giant. Furthermore, the large radius of a close-in gas giant is not due to the thermal expansion of its atmosphere but to the high residual entropy that remains throughout its bulk by dint of its early proximity to a luminous primary. The large stellar flux does not inflate the planet but retards its otherwise inexorable contraction from a more extended configuration at birth. This implies either that such a planet was formed near its current orbital distance or that it migrated in from larger distances (>/=0.5 AU), no later than a few times 107 yr of birth.     

黑龙江杂岩的碎屑锆石年代学及其大地构造意义

黑龙江杂岩带位于佳木斯地体西缘,为佳木斯地体向西与松嫩地体之间俯冲、拼贴、碰撞而形成的高压变质带.黑龙江杂岩沿牡丹江断裂分布,其构造-岩石组合、变质变形特征等显示其为佳木斯地体向松嫩地体俯冲拼帖的过程中形成的增生杂岩,目前保存下来的杂岩带应为大规模增生楔仰冲到佳木斯地体之上的残余部分.88颗碎屑锆石的全部样品SHRIMPU-Ph年代学测试结果显示三个主要年龄区间:170～220Ma,峰值年龄为183Ma;240～338Ma,峰值年龄为256Ma;450～520Ma,峰值年龄为470Ma.而28个碎屑锆石谐和年龄的年龄谱为两组:240～338Ma,峰值年龄为256Ma;450～500Ma,峰值年龄为470Ma.碎屑锆石年龄数据分析得到,240～338Ma峰期年龄为256Ma的年龄应代表黑龙江杂岩主体岩石的沉积年龄上限;而450～500Ma的年龄谱对应于佳木斯地体的基底变质岩年龄,显示佳木斯地体的基底变质岩曾为黑龙江杂岩的物源区;而170～210Ma,峰期年龄为183Ma的不谐和年龄应为受印支期-早侏罗世构造热事件的扰动年龄,与该区变质单矿物的Ar-Ar年龄相一致,应代表了该区陆-陆碰撞的时代.上述年龄为黑龙江杂岩的形成与演化提供了重要的地质年代学制约,即黑龙江杂岩的原岩成岩时代上限为早三叠世,佳木斯地体向西的俯冲时代主体为印支期,而陆-陆拼贴及碰撞过程主要为晚印支期并可能持续到早侏罗世.这些结果将为揭示我国东北地区构造演化的年代学格架以及三叠纪古亚洲构造域向环太平洋构造域叠加和转换的动力学背景研究提供新的基本地质事实依据.     

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in sediments from Hong Kong

Concentrations of 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were determined in 14 sediment samples collected from four sites in the Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve (within a RAMSAR Site) and from another six sites in Victoria Harbour and along the Hong Kong coastline. Elevated levels of PCDDs, and particularly OCDD, were detectable in all samples collected from the Mai Po Marshes and five of the six sites. In contrast to PCDDs, PCDFs were mainly found in sediment samples collected from industrial areas (Kwun Tong and To Kwa Wan) in Victoria Harbour. PCDD/F levels and congener profiles in the samples from the Mai Po Marshes Nature Reserve in particular show strong similarities to those reported in studies which have attributed similar elevated PCDD concentrations to nonanthropogenic PCDD sources.     

福建南部沿海的江豚

在闽南厦门至漳浦沿海获22只江豚,根据背部棘状小结节的数量与分布,可明显分为两个亚种,即指名亚种(N.P.Phocaenoides,81%)和北方亚种(N.P.Sunameri,19%),表明本海域是几个亚种的混栖地带,分析了这些江豚的外部形态和种群结构,测定了脂肪层及各内脏的重量.     

全球气候变化及其影响

全球气候变化及其对社会与自然系统产生的影响已日益受到全世界各国政府与广大民众的关注。与天气和气候有关的灾害给人类生命财产造成的损失日益增大,社会与生态系统似乎变得日趋脆弱。人们关心刚刚过去的20世纪的天气与气候发生了什么变化,更希望了解未来的21世纪,人类居住的地球会出现什么样的气候情景。根据一些国家和地区的观测记录、研究成果以及科学家们对气候变化的评估与预测展望,对全球气候变化问题进行概括。首先阐明20世纪地区性气候变化的事实;并根据政府间气候变化委员会(IPCC)科学技术报告中关于20世纪全球气候变化进行的总结性评估以及对21世纪全球气候变化的预测,作为阐述过去与未来全球气候变化的主要依据。同时,还介绍了一些科学家对IPCC关于全球气候变化的结论所持的不同观点或质疑。还就气候变化对社会与自然系统可能产生的影响略作论述。     

Irish on the move

Trends in emigration from Ireland over time are reviewed. "During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries overseas migration to the United States and seasonal harvest migration to Britain were the main types of movement, but over the past 100 years the Irish have developed a special affinity for settling in British towns. Although the outflow was halted for a time during the 1970s, when return migration took over, the 1980s have seen a renewal of the exodus. This time, however, the character of the flow has changed from predominantly low-skill construction and factory workers to embrace better-educated emigrants, including many graduates. This shift reflects Ireland's changing position in the international market for labour."