Geochemistry and mineral chemistry of the armoor granitoids,eastern dharwar craton: implications for the redox conditions and tectono-magmatic environment

The mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the K-rich granites from the Armoor granitic rocks in the northeastern portion of the Eastern Dharwar Craton(EDC) are presented.In order to understand its physicochemical conditions,the petrogenesis of the granitoid was explained from biotite chemistry and geochemical systematics.Studies of mineral chemistry expose that compositionally,K-feldspar and plagioclase in Armoor granite rocks range from An₀,Ab_3-5.9,Or_94-96....     

巨型中温热液金矿床的特征描述成因模式及勘查区的选择准则

中温热液金矿床赋存在由花岗岩侵位的碰撞造山带的各个时代的以火山岩为主和沉积岩为主的上壳岩带内。贫的和富的成矿带的主要区别是,富矿带容纳有异常大的矿床。这一模式是对区域内所属不同成矿带的矿区间进行成矿贫富性的详细对比而得出的。我们对该区域４７ 个巨型（＞ ６０ｔＡｕ）中温热液金矿床的地质特征和背景的研究表明,８０％ 的金矿床产在以火山岩为主的上壳岩带,而２０％ 的金矿床产在沉积岩为主的上壳岩带。几乎没有证据能够说明巨型矿床的产生是受矿物沉积规模所控制。例如：围岩岩性的复杂性控制着矿床构造的复杂性,而与矿床规模无关。从区域上讲,不管怎样,巨型金矿床特定的有利的岩石组合并可能与早期形成的金矿化体有显著关系。多数以火山岩为主的上壳岩带内的巨型金矿床出现在具有高镁火山岩（科马提岩）或侵入的岩带内,其中２０％ 与长英质火山岩共生;７５％ 含有前变质高铝热液蚀变矿物组合。一个巨型矿床和许多小型矿床与斑岩型Ｃｕ－Ａｕ 矿化关系密切。赋存在前寒武纪以沉积岩为主的上壳岩带内的巨型金矿床均以含铁建造为主,但在显生宙以沉积岩为主的上壳岩带内的矿床却不是这样。解释中温热液金矿床的共有特征,金矿床矿物学特有的事实说明与围岩环境有关。矿床的同位     

世界原子能的地理分布

发展阶段原子能的发展历史可简略分为四个阶段。第一阶段包括五十年代中期。这个时期出现了第一批原子能电站和现有的各种反应堆类型。每二阶段从五十年代末期到六十年代末期。这段时间由于原子能电站设备价值昂贵,反应堆功率低,一些国家又发现了大型石油天然气产地,因此与热电站比较竞争能力低。原子能电站的发展陷入低潮。     

Coastal defence through low crested breakwater structures: jumping out of the frying pan into the fire?

The Adriatic coast of Punta Marina (Ravenna) is protected by 3-km long low crested breakwater structures (LCSs). Through a 3-years long multidisciplinar study, we assessed the impact of such defensive structures on environmental and biological condition. LCSs create pools where conditions are very different from the surrounding nearshore system. Mechanical disturbance by currents and waves varied greatly in intensity and frequency between seaward and landward sides of the structures. Sedimentary budget was positive at the landward side, but it was due to a gain on the seafloor and not on the emerged beach. The budget at seaward was negative. LCSs determine differences in benthic assemblages, alter the seasonal pattern of communities, and modify seasonal fluctuations of animal assemblages. Landward sheltered areas can be seen as “lagoonal island” surrounded by a “sea of marine habitat”. Differences in ecological quality status, obtained through M-AMBI, are due to the sum of these factors.     

热带气旋运动的动力—统计预报业务试验

一、引言近年来,许多热带气旋具有运动异常的性质,从而暴露了纯统计系统所固有的弱点,并促进了动力和统计—动力模式的发展。因此,Miller(1972)等用一种七层模式进行试验,而Neumann和Lawrence(1973)介绍了一种统计—动力模式,即NHC73,它采用美国气象中心的原始方程模式的输出作为统计预报系统的输入。1973年和1974年飓风季节,用NHC73的两种方案在业务预报中作了试验。本文评论了NHC73的发展,介绍了两年中的试验结果,以及提出了将统计、动力概念用于热带气旋预报的发展途径。二、数值预报资料的统计应用 Klein和 Glahn(1974)介绍了两种已成功地将数值预报资料引入统计预报结构的方法。其一是所谓“完全预报”法,另一种称模式输出统计法,简称     

尼日利亚Jos台地前寒武纪基底岩石含锡石的新证据

尼日利亚锡石的主要来源是冲积矿床和残积矿床,其母岩是Jos台地保罗纪碱性环形杂岩(年轻花岗岩)里的黑云母花岗岩。虽然,从伟晶岩中开采出的锡石不到总产量的5%,这些伟晶岩产于由混合岩、片麻岩、泛非(较老的)花岗岩和伟晶岩所组成的前寒武纪基底杂岩内,但随着冲积和残积型矿床储量迅速枯竭,发现新储量的任务就变得十分迫切了。本文对Jos附近Gurum地区基底杂岩中的片麻岩、混合岩、伟晶岩和细晶岩内的锡石为一重要的新矿源作了首次报道。这种锡石是由上述岩石遭受淋滤、风化作用后而富集为具有经济意义的矿体的。这类锡石通常比来自侏罗纪黑云母花岗岩的冲积型锡石粒度更细且颜色更深。这一新发现有重要的岩石成因意义和经济意义,它表明基底杂岩可能是年轻花岗岩的母岩,而且可能成为一个在尼日利亚十分重要的潜在锡石来源。     

Ice- and cryogel-soil composites in water-retaining elements in embankment dams constructed in cold regions

There are a number of serious problems connected with building and repairing water-retaining elements in embankment dams in cold regions. One of them is the difficulty in finding inexpensive clay materials with the necessary structural properties and using them in the winter. Another is the cracks that appear in the upper part of a dam when the core freezes to the banks, and leakage along the cracks threatens to destroy the dam. Still another is the process of erosion at the bottom of the core which may occur through fissures in the rock foundation of a dam and in transport constructions. Also, the behaviour of water-retaining elements during earthquakes is unreliable. All of these problems can be solved by using ice- and cryogel-soil composites created by cryotropic gel formation (CGF). Our laboratory investigations demonstrate that the materials proposed for water-retaining elements have the necessary permeable, plastic, thermophysical, and strength properties to solve all of these problems. Certain constructions of water-retaining elements which may prove to be both safe and cost-effective are proposed. However, these ice- and cryogel-soil composites need to be field-validated before they are used in dams and transport structures in cold regions.     

中亚土地资源的农业利用

目前摆在中亚各共和国面前的重大任务是增加所有农业产品的生产,解决这一问题在很多方面取决于土地资源的合理利用。中亚地区分为平原和山地。农业生产在这些地区实质上是有区别的。构成平原生产的基