空间数据仓库的安全控制

安全在任何数据库访问和数据传输应用里都是一个重要的问题,尤其是在Internet环境下。基于Web的地理空间数据的安全问题和地理空间数据这个整体一样,是GIS里相对未知的领     

南加州橡树岭地下18km深处一断层小震丛集的证据

在1989年近一个月内南加州橡树岭发生了一组约50个小震(M≈1.5)的震群。由于在地震图上的到时信号弱及其突然性,因此用一般的到时分析方法,这些事件的定位精度受到了限制。然而,由于在各个单台上记录到的地震波形的相似性,用波形互相关技术可以得到精确的相对的事件位置。重新定位后的事件形成了一个小丛集,约1km跨度,18km深,沿着一个向北西倾35°角的平面排列。估计定位的标准误差一般小于50m。序列的时间演化过程表明,地震活动逐渐离开它的起始点向外迁移。有3个续发性事件发生在几个月以后,它们沿着同一平面排列,但从主震群向南东方向偏移了约500m。由于可得到的台站记录少,发射角的范围受到限制,以及在许多地震图上初至波信号弱,因此对这些事件很难得到可靠的断层面解。把每一个台上不同事件的记录叠加起来,大大地降低了到时前的噪声水平,有助于分辨平均P波初动。对这些初动资料的分析表明,震源机制解的滑动面与由地震活动分布确定的平面不一致。地震活动排列面可能是锡米断层的进一步延伸,在此情况下,只有断层倾角变浅,才能在18km深处与观测到的35°倾角相当。     

航空重力确定大地水准面的研究

随着近年来航空重力的发展,航空重力数据的精度和分辨率不断提高,其精度可达1 mGal,分辨率可达10km,这使得用航空重力数据计算精密大地水准面成为可能。本研究介绍利用满足一定条件的稳定、精确的航空重力数据计算大地水准面的一种新途径。它根据布隆公式,分离大地水准面与参考椭球,把航空重力观测值转换为大地水准面上的重力位,从而确定大地水准面。其具体步骤如下: 1.对重力扰动观测数据进行低通滤波,除去高频观测噪声; 2.利用全球重力场模型从低通滤波的重力     

混合流成沙波迁移中的砂粒运动

混合流成沙波迁移中的砂粒运动ＭｉｗａＹｏｋｏｋａｗａ等混合流即波浪与潮流相结合的流动，它已引起沉积学家的广泛关注．混合流沙波在下列环境中有较多报道，即现代及古代的潮流影响区、古风暴、滨面及陆架环境等．混合流沙波以圆的、不对称形态为特征，其中圆形剖面为...     

The effects of a copper-based antifouling paint on mortality and enzymatic activity of a non-target marine organism

Antifouling paints are used on a wide range of underwater structures in order to protect them from the development of fouling organisms. The leaching of the toxic substances from the matrix of the paint causes toxic effects not only to the fouling organisms but also on other "non-target" biota. The present study addresses the impact of the antifouling paint Flexgard VI-II on brine shrimp nauplii selected as convenient test organisms. The surface to volume (S/V) concept developed by Persoone and Castritsi-Catharios (1989) was used to determine S/V-LC50s for the test biota exposed to PVC test panels of 400-1000 mm2 surface coated with the antifouling paint in test vessels containing 20 ml seawater. Total ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase were also analyzed for coated surface areas inducing less than 50% mortality in the brine shrimp nauplii. The calculated S/V-LC50 (24 h) was 24.6 mm2/ml, which shows the high toxic character of the antifouling paint. Decreased enzymatic activities were noted in the brine shrimp nauplii exposed to test panels of 50 and 100 mm2 in 20 ml seawater. The present study indicates that the "surface to volume" concept is an interesting methodology that can be applied with both lethal and sublethal effect criteria for the determination of toxic stress from leaches of painted surfaces.     

Geochemistry and genesis of magmatic PGE-bearing Cu-Ni sulphide deposit in Wadi Bayhan,southeastern Yemen

The Wadi Bayhan mafic-ultramafic intrusions associated with magmatic PGE-bearing Cu-Ni sulphide deposit are located in the south margin of the Arabian-Nubian Shield,SW Yemen.The intrusions consist of dunite,olivine-pyroxenite,lherzolite,hornblendite,gabbro and gabbronorite.The dunite and lherzolite are the main host rock for the Cu-Ni ores.The new data of the chemical compositions of the rocks have SiO2(50%-53.6%),Al2O3(0-32%) and MgO(4%-28%),and relatively low TiO2(0-3.2%) and K2O+Na2O(0.04%-5.2%).The geoc...     

Geology and fluid inclusion of Wadi Sharis Neoproterozoic orogenic gold deposits in northwestern Yemen

The Wadi Sharis orogenic gold deposit in northwestern Yemen is related to the fault and shear zones vein at medium depth in the crust in the Neoproterozoic meta-sedimentary and meta-volcanosedimentary succession of greenschist to amphibolite facies metamorphism.Three distinct fluid inclusion types have been identified in the gold-bearing quartz sulphide veins of the deposit:(1) type I:vapour-liquid two-phase(VH2O-LH2O),(2) type II:three-phase CO2(VCO2-LH2O-LCO2) and(3) type III:vapour-rich(LCO2-VCO2) inclus...     

澳大利亚特里托里(TERRITORY)北部ARLTUNGE金矿区含金石英脉分布的构造控制

1 绪言在几个世代的石英脉及与其共生的矿化建造中,渐进的脆性—韧性剪切带通常显示一种特有的型式。一组早期的贫金石英脉在剪切带内通常呈雁行状展布。这些石英脉随渐进的形变作用而变形,且被膨胀的石英脉穿切,这种膨胀脉是在剪切事件发生期间较晚期形成的,当时大多数的位移已形成于特有的狭窄裂隙带内。尽管人们通常能够识别上述矿化类型,但却未很好了解其成因和形态约束。本文涉及澳大利亚中部若干后生脉状金矿床,这些矿床是代表从韧性发展到脆性一韧性剪切带中矿化的极好实例。设想通过详细的岩性和构造形态地