天山南缘北轮台断裂库尔楚段晚第四纪的最新活动和滑动速侣

使用全站仪实测了天山南麓北轮台逆断裂库尔楚段阿克艾肯-喀腊萨喀腊阿塔木冲洪积扇断层崖地形地貌,采用10Be测年方法测定了该冲洪积扇的形成年龄,得到该断裂段垂直位移滑动速率为0.48 mm/a、0.85～1.0 mm/a和1.52 mm/a,并对该断裂段的水平缩短速率和天山第四纪水平缩短量进行了讨论.     

Effect of near-fault earthquakes with forward directivity on telecommunication towers

In this paper, the effect of pulse-type motions caused by forward directivity that can release huge amounts of energy in a short time period is studied on a telecommunication tower. Since telecommunication towers have longer periods, they are not as affected by seismic forces. Nevertheless, near source earthquakes characterized by high velocity and velocity pulses can change the behavior of these structures. For this reason, a telecommunication tower located near active faults was selected in this study. Considering the probable earthquake magnitude at the site and the distance of the tower from adjacent faults, nine simulated pulses and three near-fault earthquake records with forward directivity are selected and applied to a 3D fi nite element model of the tower. The results of nonlinear dynamic analysis, i.e., displacements and damage in the tower, indicate that the maximum displacement and drift ratio of the tower under the pulses are obviously affected by the ratio of the structure period to pulse period. When this ratio is decreased and close to 1.0, the maximum displacement and drift ratio are sharply increased and cause large displacements in the tower.     

Anthropogenic iodine-129 in seawater along a transect from the Norwegian coastal current to the North Pole

Variation in the concentrations of iodine-129 (129I, T1/2=15.7 Myr), a low-level radioactive component of nuclear fuel waste, is documented in surface waters and depth profiles collected during 2001 along a transect from the Norwegian Coastal Current to the North Pole. The surface waters near the Norwegian coast are found to have 20 times higher 129I concentration than the surface waters of the Arctic Ocean. The depth profiles of 129I taken in the Arctic Ocean reveal a sharp decline in the concentration to a depth of about 300-500 m followed by a weaker gradient extending down to the bottom. A twofold increase in the 129I concentration is observed in the upper 1000 m since 1996. Based on known estimates of marine transient time from the release sources (the nuclear reprocessing facilities at La Hague, France, and Sellafield, UK), a doubling in the 129I inventory of the top 1000 m of the Arctic Ocean is expected to occur between the years 2001 and 2006. As 129I of polar mixed layer and Atlantic layer of the Arctic Ocean is ventilated by the East Greenland Current into the Nordic Seas and North Atlantic Ocean, further dispersal and increase of the isotope concentration in these regions will be encountered in the near future.     

由区域震及远震波形得到中国溧阳1974和1979年地震的断裂机制——在以断层为界的盆地下构造逆转的证据

中国东部1974年和1979年溧阳地震是两次中强地震,但属破坏性地震。第一次地震(M_s=5.5)于1974年4月22日发生在人口密集的地区。第二次地震(M_s=5.7)于1979年7月9日几乎在同一地区发生。两次地震震中位于两断层的交汇附近,在晚中生代到晚第三纪的沉积拉张盆地内。本文利用2°和90°之间的长周期P波、SH波及短周期远震PD波波形,确定两次地震具有逆冲分量的走滑震源机制。这一机制与较早用P波初动解得到的结果有明显不同。后者得到两次地震的走滑分量和正滑分量。本次研究的结果是,1974年地震机制是走向126°,倾角71°,滑动角33°。震源深度、地震矩和应力降分别为12km,8.4×10~(23)dyne-cm(1dyne=10~(-5)N)和41bar。1979年地震机制是走向41°,倾角64°,滑动角147°。震源深度、地震矩和应力降分别为7.5km,1.6×10~(24)dyne-cm和152bar。地震学资料与实地调查表明,1974年地震是WNW走向断层破裂所致。1979年地震的断层面很难求解。溧阳地震的逆冲断裂,在中国东部的较大地震中是很少见的。这可能表明在现代的E-W到ENE-WSW向压应力场作用下,构造盆地下方断层重新被激活,而且发生逆转。     

哈萨克斯坦共和国地震学数据库简介

建立哈萨克斯坦共和国地震学数据库是CASIN国际项目的一部分,应由中亚各国来共同完成。项目主要目的旨在建立地震学数据库,以作为今后减小哈萨克斯坦共和国地震危险性的工作基础。哈萨克斯坦共和国地震学数据库由下列子系统构成:1)文件输入子系统;2)信息检索和提交子系统;3)信息元数据存储子系统;4)档案库运行控制子系统;5)信息安全子系统。哈萨克斯坦共和国地震学数据库有以下功能:1)永久存储综合信息并上报和收集(记录)其他资料;2)存储数据和资料计算;3)电子文档的长期存储和管理;4)规定序号进行信息查询和文件的联机保证;5)信息统计和…     

The IUGS/IAGC Task Group on Global Geochemical Baselines

The Task Group on Global Geochemical Baselines,operating under the auspices of both the International Union of Geological Sciences（IUGS） and the International Association of Geochemistry（IAGC）,has the long-term goal of establishing a global geochemical database to document the concentration and distribution of chemical elements in the Earth＇s surface or near-surface environment.The database and accompanying element distribution maps represent a geochemical baseline against which future human-induced or natural changes to the chemistry of the land surface may be recognized and quantified.In order to accomplish this long-term goal,the activities of the Task Group include：（1） developing partnerships with countries conducting broad-scale geochemical mapping studies;（2） providing consultation and training in the form of workshops and short courses;（3） organizing periodic international symposia to foster communication among the geochemical mapping community;（4） developing criteria for certifying those projects whose data are acceptable in a global geochemical database;（5） acting as a repository for data collected by those projects meeting the criteria for standardization;（6） preparing complete metadata for the certified projects;and（7） preparing,ultimately,a global geochemical database.This paper summarizes the history and accomplishments of the Task Group since its first predecessor project was established in 1988.     

Sensitivity of medium-range weather forecasts to the use of reference atmosphere

In this paper, the authors develop the earlier work of Chen Jiabin et al. (1986). In order to reduce spectral truncation errors, the reference atmosphere has been introduced in ECMWF model, and the spectrally-represented variables, temperature, geopotential height and orography, are replaced by their deviations from the reference atmos-phere. Two modified semi- implicit schemes have been proposed to alleviate the computational instability due to the introduction of reference atmosphere. Concerning the deviation of surface geopotential height from reference atmos-phere, an exact computational formulation has been used instead of the approximate one in the earlier work. To re-duce aliasing errors in the computations of the deviation of the surface geopotential height, a spectral fit has been used slightly to modify the original Gaussian grid-point values of orography.A series of experiments has been performed in order to assess the impact of the reference atmosphere on ECMWF medium- range forecasts at the resolution T21, T42 and T63, The results we have obtained reveal that the reference atmosphere introduced in ECMWF spectral model is generally beneficial to the mean statistical scores of 1000-200 hPa height 10-day forecasts over the globe. In the Southern Hemisphere, it is a clear improvement for T21, T42 and T63 throughout the 10-day forecast period, In the Northern Hemisphere, the impact of the reference atmos-phere on anomaly correlation is positive for resolution T21, a very slightly damaging at T42 and almost neutral at T63 in the range of day 1 to day 4. Beyond the day 4 there is a clear improvement at all resolutions.