福建南部沿海的江豚

在闽南厦门至漳浦沿海获22只江豚,根据背部棘状小结节的数量与分布,可明显分为两个亚种,即指名亚种(N.P.Phocaenoides,81%)和北方亚种(N.P.Sunameri,19%),表明本海域是几个亚种的混栖地带,分析了这些江豚的外部形态和种群结构,测定了脂肪层及各内脏的重量.     

哈萨克斯坦共和国地震学数据库简介

建立哈萨克斯坦共和国地震学数据库是CASIN国际项目的一部分,应由中亚各国来共同完成。项目主要目的旨在建立地震学数据库,以作为今后减小哈萨克斯坦共和国地震危险性的工作基础。哈萨克斯坦共和国地震学数据库由下列子系统构成:1)文件输入子系统;2)信息检索和提交子系统;3)信息元数据存储子系统;4)档案库运行控制子系统;5)信息安全子系统。哈萨克斯坦共和国地震学数据库有以下功能:1)永久存储综合信息并上报和收集(记录)其他资料;2)存储数据和资料计算;3)电子文档的长期存储和管理;4)规定序号进行信息查询和文件的联机保证;5)信息统计和…     

黑龙江杂岩的碎屑锆石年代学及其大地构造意义

黑龙江杂岩带位于佳木斯地体西缘,为佳木斯地体向西与松嫩地体之间俯冲、拼贴、碰撞而形成的高压变质带.黑龙江杂岩沿牡丹江断裂分布,其构造-岩石组合、变质变形特征等显示其为佳木斯地体向松嫩地体俯冲拼帖的过程中形成的增生杂岩,目前保存下来的杂岩带应为大规模增生楔仰冲到佳木斯地体之上的残余部分.88颗碎屑锆石的全部样品SHRIMPU-Ph年代学测试结果显示三个主要年龄区间:170～220Ma,峰值年龄为183Ma;240～338Ma,峰值年龄为256Ma;450～520Ma,峰值年龄为470Ma.而28个碎屑锆石谐和年龄的年龄谱为两组:240～338Ma,峰值年龄为256Ma;450～500Ma,峰值年龄为470Ma.碎屑锆石年龄数据分析得到,240～338Ma峰期年龄为256Ma的年龄应代表黑龙江杂岩主体岩石的沉积年龄上限;而450～500Ma的年龄谱对应于佳木斯地体的基底变质岩年龄,显示佳木斯地体的基底变质岩曾为黑龙江杂岩的物源区;而170～210Ma,峰期年龄为183Ma的不谐和年龄应为受印支期-早侏罗世构造热事件的扰动年龄,与该区变质单矿物的Ar-Ar年龄相一致,应代表了该区陆-陆碰撞的时代.上述年龄为黑龙江杂岩的形成与演化提供了重要的地质年代学制约,即黑龙江杂岩的原岩成岩时代上限为早三叠世,佳木斯地体向西的俯冲时代主体为印支期,而陆-陆拼贴及碰撞过程主要为晚印支期并可能持续到早侏罗世.这些结果将为揭示我国东北地区构造演化的年代学格架以及三叠纪古亚洲构造域向环太平洋构造域叠加和转换的动力学背景研究提供新的基本地质事实依据.     

新疆洛浦县和巴楚县晚石炭世—早二叠世牙形石动物群及其地层意义

本文依据对新疆洛浦县阿其克和巴楚县小海子剖面牙形石动物群研究，详细探讨了塔里木盆地西部石炭－二叠系界线的划分和克孜里奇曼组、南闸组和康克林组上部地层的归属问题；指出从牙形石的发展和演化看，上述地层应属于下二叠统。     

全球气候变化及其影响

全球气候变化及其对社会与自然系统产生的影响已日益受到全世界各国政府与广大民众的关注。与天气和气候有关的灾害给人类生命财产造成的损失日益增大,社会与生态系统似乎变得日趋脆弱。人们关心刚刚过去的20世纪的天气与气候发生了什么变化,更希望了解未来的21世纪,人类居住的地球会出现什么样的气候情景。根据一些国家和地区的观测记录、研究成果以及科学家们对气候变化的评估与预测展望,对全球气候变化问题进行概括。首先阐明20世纪地区性气候变化的事实;并根据政府间气候变化委员会(IPCC)科学技术报告中关于20世纪全球气候变化进行的总结性评估以及对21世纪全球气候变化的预测,作为阐述过去与未来全球气候变化的主要依据。同时,还介绍了一些科学家对IPCC关于全球气候变化的结论所持的不同观点或质疑。还就气候变化对社会与自然系统可能产生的影响略作论述。     

Irish on the move

Trends in emigration from Ireland over time are reviewed. "During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries overseas migration to the United States and seasonal harvest migration to Britain were the main types of movement, but over the past 100 years the Irish have developed a special affinity for settling in British towns. Although the outflow was halted for a time during the 1970s, when return migration took over, the 1980s have seen a renewal of the exodus. This time, however, the character of the flow has changed from predominantly low-skill construction and factory workers to embrace better-educated emigrants, including many graduates. This shift reflects Ireland's changing position in the international market for labour."     

Anthropogenic iodine-129 in seawater along a transect from the Norwegian coastal current to the North Pole

Variation in the concentrations of iodine-129 (129I, T1/2=15.7 Myr), a low-level radioactive component of nuclear fuel waste, is documented in surface waters and depth profiles collected during 2001 along a transect from the Norwegian Coastal Current to the North Pole. The surface waters near the Norwegian coast are found to have 20 times higher 129I concentration than the surface waters of the Arctic Ocean. The depth profiles of 129I taken in the Arctic Ocean reveal a sharp decline in the concentration to a depth of about 300-500 m followed by a weaker gradient extending down to the bottom. A twofold increase in the 129I concentration is observed in the upper 1000 m since 1996. Based on known estimates of marine transient time from the release sources (the nuclear reprocessing facilities at La Hague, France, and Sellafield, UK), a doubling in the 129I inventory of the top 1000 m of the Arctic Ocean is expected to occur between the years 2001 and 2006. As 129I of polar mixed layer and Atlantic layer of the Arctic Ocean is ventilated by the East Greenland Current into the Nordic Seas and North Atlantic Ocean, further dispersal and increase of the isotope concentration in these regions will be encountered in the near future.     

Effect of near-fault earthquakes with forward directivity on telecommunication towers

In this paper, the effect of pulse-type motions caused by forward directivity that can release huge amounts of energy in a short time period is studied on a telecommunication tower. Since telecommunication towers have longer periods, they are not as affected by seismic forces. Nevertheless, near source earthquakes characterized by high velocity and velocity pulses can change the behavior of these structures. For this reason, a telecommunication tower located near active faults was selected in this study. Considering the probable earthquake magnitude at the site and the distance of the tower from adjacent faults, nine simulated pulses and three near-fault earthquake records with forward directivity are selected and applied to a 3D fi nite element model of the tower. The results of nonlinear dynamic analysis, i.e., displacements and damage in the tower, indicate that the maximum displacement and drift ratio of the tower under the pulses are obviously affected by the ratio of the structure period to pulse period. When this ratio is decreased and close to 1.0, the maximum displacement and drift ratio are sharply increased and cause large displacements in the tower.     

中生代之前柴达木的演化研究

现今柴达木盆地的形成,中生代以来的构造运动起到了关键性作用,但是柴达木地块在中生代以前的演化也具有重要的意义。基于前人的研究,系统论述了柴达木在中生代以前的发展演化。柴达木盆地存在一个统一的前震旦系克拉通基底,基底存在双重结构,包括元古宙结晶基底和古生代褶皱基底。柴盆周边古老山体出露有下元古界区域热变质作用形成的达肯大坂群和金水口群,以及中上元古界的小庙群、冰沟群和丘吉东沟群。柴盆基底多登—小柴旦一线可能存在一个东西向的"中央断裂带",断裂带西北部的基底塑型强、埋深大,新生界地层发育;而东南部基底具刚性,埋深较浅,第三系不发育,地表主要为第四系盖层。自显生宙以来柴达木的演化,是与新元古代联合古陆的裂解,再到二叠纪中期北半球劳亚古陆形成的大地构造演化背景一致的;寒武纪时,柴达木地块还处于南半球低纬度,后逐渐向北漂移,至二叠纪时已位于北纬12.7°。关于柴达木盆地的形成,特别是中生代后逐渐演化为现今盆—山模式,主要是受到周边断裂带的控制,即柴北缘断裂带、东昆仑断裂带和阿尔金断裂带。因此,柴达木地块的演化,是在与周边地块不断适应、调整过程中实现的。