一个与转移作用有关的盆地的演化：Ardea盆地（意大利中部拉齐奥地区）

一个与转移作用有关的盆地的演化：Ａｒｄｅａ盆地（意大利中部拉齐奥地区）Ｃ．Ｆａｃｃｅｎｎａ等地层Ａｒｄｅａ盆地是拉齐奥边缘最深的盆地之一。充填了１６００ｍ中新－更新统沉积。这套沉积物覆盖在一套中新统以泥灰质－砂泥质为主的复理石异地构造层上，复理石上覆...     

In-Situ Observation of Fluid Mud in the North Passage of Yangtze Estuary, China

Observations of fluid mud were made in the lower North Passage of the Yangtze Estuary in February 2000, on 10 -11 August 2000, on 30 - 31 August 2000 (after two strong typhoons), on 21 - 24 August 2000 (neap tide) and on 3 -6 September 2000 (mean tide) respectively. In situ data show that the fluid mud in this area consists of fine cohesive sediment (median size 7.23 μm). The formation and movement of fluid mud varied during the neap-spring and flood-ebb tidal cycle. Observations suggest that fluid mud phenomena in this area may be categorised in a three-fold manner as slack water, storm and saltwedge features. The thickness of the fluid mud layer of slack water during the neap tide ranged from 0.2 to 0.96 m, whereas during the mean tide, the thickness ranged from 0.17 to 0.73 m, and the thickness of the fluid mud layer was larger during slack water than at the flood peak. Shoals cover an area of 800 km^2 with a water depth smaller than 5 m. Erosion of these extensive intertidal mudflats due to storm action provides an abundant sediment source. This is particularly significant in this estuary when the tidal level is lower than 5 m. The lower North Passage is a typical zone of saltwater wedging, so the saltwedge fluid mud has the most extensive spatial range in the estuary.     

Bacterial killing by Mytilus hemocyte monolayers as a model for investigating the signaling pathways involved in mussel immune defence

The signaling pathways involved in mussel immune defence were investigated utilizing a model of killing of Escherichia coli by Mytilus galloprovincialis hemocytes in a co-culture setting. In particular, the role played by different mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and by the production of eicosanoids were investigated utilising specific cell permeant, pharmacological enzyme inhibitors. Hemocyte pretreatment with the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 significantly reduced bacterial killing, whereas PD98059 (an inhibitor of ERK--extracellularly regulated kinase--MAPK activation) had no significant effect. Wortmannin also inhibited bacterial killing, indicating a crucial role for PI3-kinase activation in the immune response. Killing of E. coli was also reduced by inhibitors of both PLA2 and cyclooxygenase activities, indicating that eicosanoid production is involved in mediating the response to bacterial challenge. The results demonstrate that bacterial killing by mussel hemocytes is particularly sensitive to inhibitors of the key steps involved in the transduction of bacterial signals into the host cell. Moreover, these data indicate that the hemocyte bactericidal activity can be suitably utilized not only for identifying the signaling pathways involved in the response to bacterial infection, but also as a potential investigative-toxicology model to test drugs and contaminants for their effect on the overall mussel immune defence.     

新钻探技术的试验

在实现深海钻探计划和随后的大洋钻探计划的漫长岁月里 ,钻探技术在不断地改进。由于研制出了新的不同的设备和工艺 ,我们成功地获得了连续的沉积建造剖面 ,使得能够极为详细和可靠地恢复沉积盖层的形成史、海洋环流的变化、气候的波动和生物的演化史。但是 ,至今尚未彻底克服在基岩中钻孔所遇到的困难。当在硬质岩石出露的洋底表面区域进行钻探时 ,困难特别大 ,例如在洋中脊的轴部。稳定钻孔 ,特别是重返该钻孔的问题也没有解决。当在若干航次中采用一般工艺进行钻探时 ,确实有顺利钻入基底足够深度的例子 (例如太平洋中的 50 4B孔和印度…     

大尺度海岸行为

大尺度海岸行为ＪｅｆｆｒｅｙＨ．Ｌｉｓｔ等该题目是指对海岸和近岸沉积系统的了解，以及对发生在该系统中的变化的预测。Ｌｉｓｔ（１９９３）定义大尺度海岸行为是几十年的时间尺度内、几至几十公里空间范围内的海岸物理演化．Ｔｅｒｗｉｎｄｔ和Ｗｉｊｎｂｅｒｇ（１...     

Can turbidity caused by Corophium volutator (Pallas) activity be used to assess sediment toxicity rapidly?

The standard toxicity test organism, Corophium volutator, exhibits a behavioural response to contaminated sediments that causes increased turbidity of overlying water. We quantify the effects of this response to an estuarine sediment spiked with copper and hydrocarbon contaminated sediments from an oil installation in the North Sea. Turbidity measured 24 h after the start of a toxicity test shows a strong relationship with contaminant concentrations and with mortality after 10 days. Turbidity measurements can therefore give a rapid indication of sediment toxicity, permitting a reduction in storage time of sediments to be used in dilution series and toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) tests, reducing the likelihood of contaminants degrading prior to testing.     

太平洋西南部铁锰矿化的矿物学特征

太平洋西南部铁锰矿化的矿物学特征Ａ．Ｈ．Ｋａｎ等在对克马德克和新赫布里底岛弧—海沟构造系不同地貌构造的地质采样过程中（１９９０年科学考察船“ＡＨｅｃＭＨｏＢ院士”号第１７航次），在一系列测站上采集到不同的铁锰形成物（ＭＯ）。详细研究这些形成物具有特殊...     

五种植物提取液的抗鱼病菌和抗鱼病毒效应(英文)

本文旨在探索用廉价的野生植物防治鱼病。所用的植物有牛繁缕(Stellaria aqu-atica),双花凤仙(Impatiens biflora),夜来香(Oenothera biennis),艾草(Artem-isia vulgaris)和忍冬(Lonicera japonica)。用作试验的鱼病菌共13种(18个菌株),分属于气单孢菌属、假单孢菌属、爱德华氏菌属、耶尔森氏菌属、弧菌属。所用的鱼病毒为传染性胰脏坏死病毒IPNV,传染性造血组织坏死病毒IHNV。上述病原微生物均获自美国马里兰大学微生物系。实验结果表明,五种植物提取液均有不同程度的抗鱼病菌作用,其中以牛繁缕的抗菌谱最广,作用力最强。忍冬、艾草、牛繁缕有抗鱼病毒作用。其中以忍冬的效果最好,它能抑制IPNV和IHNV。而艾草和牛繁缕只能抑制IHNV。