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951.
M. U. Shirazi M. Y. Ashraf M. A. Khan M. H. Naqvi 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2005,2(3):233-236
Water culture experiments were conducted to study the response of ten wheat genotypes to external K application (10 mmol KCI dm?3) at seedling stage under saline condition (0 and 100 mmol NaCl dm?3). The data showed that there was an increase in the shoot and root length with the application of external K. The increase was more pronounced under control than under saline conditions. The better performing genotypes under two treatments were Bhitai, NIAB-41, NIAB-I076 and Khirman. The enhanced growth of these genotypes under saline condition might be due to the quick response to external K application, resulting in high K/Na ratio. The results indicated that the genotypes, which have the ability of enhanced K/Na discrimination, might perform better under saline conditions when sufficient potassium is applied in the rooting medium. 相似文献
952.
Seasonal records of climatic change in annually laminated tufas: short review and future prospects 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Many Recent and fossil freshwater tufa stromatolites contain millimetre‐scale, alternating laminae of dense micrite and more porous or sparry crystalline calcites. These alternating laminae have been interpreted to represent seasonally controlled differences in the biotic activity of microbes, and/or seasonally controlled changes in the rate of calcification. Either way, couplets of these microbially mediated alternating calcified laminae are generally agreed to represent annual seasonality. Combined stable isotope (δ18O and δ13C) and trace element (Mg, Sr, Ba) geochemistry from Recent tufa stromatolites show that seasonal climatic information is available from these calcites. Variability in δ18O (and in one case Mg concentration) has been shown to be controlled primarily by stream temperature change, usually driven by solar insolation. In arid climates, seasonal evaporation can also cause δ18O enrichment by at least 1‰. Variability in δ13C results potentially from: (1) seasonal change in plant uptake of 12C‐enriched CO2; (2) seasonal change in degassing of 12C‐enriched CO2 in the aquifer system; and (3) precipitation of calcite along the aquifer or river flow path, a process that increases δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the remaining water. Mechanisms 2 and 3 are linked because calcite precipitates in aquifers where degassing occurs, e.g. air pockets. The latter mechanism for δ13C enrichment has also been shown to cause sympathetic variation between trace element/Ca ratios and δ13C because trace elements with partition coefficients much greater than 1 (e.g. Sr, Ba) remain preferentially in solution. Since degassing in air pockets will be enhanced during decreased recharge when water saturation of the aquifer is lowest, sympathetic variation in trace element/Ca ratios and δ13C is a possible index of recharge and therefore precipitation intensity. High‐resolution geochemical data from well‐dated tufa stromatolites have great potential for Quaternary palaeoclimate reconstructions, possibly allowing recovery of annual seasonal climatic information including water temperature variation and change in rainfall intensity. However, careful consideration of diagenetic effects, particularly aggrading neomorphism, needs to be the next step. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
953.
K. Reicherter A. Kaiser W. Stackebrandt 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2005,94(5-6):1083-1093
The recent evolution of the north German Basin (NGB), which is presently a low-seismic area, was partly affected by glacial
loading and unloading of the ice masses. Major stresses acting within the NGB are induced by the North-Atlantic ridge push,
the ongoing Alpine collision, and the post-glacial rebound of Fennoscandia. Present-day horizontal stresses within the NGB
are directed generally NW–SE, but fan and bend north of 52°N towards NNE. Major basement faults are directed NW–SE, minor
faults NE–SW and NNE–SSW, and are clearly detectable in geomorphological and satellite lineaments. Furthermore, the drainage
pattern and the distribution of lakes in northern Germany follow exactly block boundaries and, hence, mark zones of present-day
subsidence. The understanding of the post-glacial morphology and reactivation of faults requires a view into the very heterogeneous
crust and upper mantle below the NGB. The re-adjustment of the individual fault blocks during post-glacial relaxation of the
lithosphere leads to differential, crust-dependent uplift and, probably, to the formation of Urstrom valleys. The Urstrom
valleys and terminal moraines in northern Germany appear to parallel the major tectonic lineaments and lithospheric “block”
boundaries. The lithospheric memory is expressed in the post-glacial landscape evolution of the NGB. 相似文献
954.
Nannorrhops ritchiana (Mazari Palm) is a distinctive flora growing in the Saharo-Sindian region. It is well distributed on the ultramafic soil,
derived from the Bela Ophiolite in the Khuzdar District, Balochistan, Pakistan. Quantitative estimation of Ca, Mg, Fe and
Ni in soil and plant ash has been carried out. The constituents of plant ash have been discussed in relation to soil chemistry,
pH, climate, mobility, average abundance in plant ash and exclusion mechanism of the flora. Relationship among Ca, Mg, Fe
and Ni has been established using scattergrams to evaluate the biogeochemistry of the plant. High contents of Mg and high
coefficient of biological absorption allow it to be classed as Mg-flora. Both Ca and Fe appeared to be antagonistic to Mg.
The metal assemblage ofN. ritchiana nicely reflected the nature of the bed rock as being serpentinized ultramafic, and its corresponding soils. Good exclusion
mechanism ofN. ritchiana did not allow it to absorb high Ni from the soil. Relatively high concentrations of Ni inN. ritchiana from the Baran Lak area can be used to localize Ni-mineralization in the study area.
Statistical analyses, such as minimum, maximum, mean, mode, median, standard deviations, and coefficient of correlation, were
also made to improve raw geochemical data and interpretations. 相似文献
955.
Intraplate deformation and 3D rheological structure of the Rhine Rift System and adjacent areas of the northern Alpine foreland 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
S. Cloetingh P. A. Ziegler F. Beekman P. A. M. Andriessen N. Hardebol P. Dèzes 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2005,94(4):758-778
The lithosphere of the Northern Alpine foreland has undergone a polyphase evolution during which interacting stress-induced intraplate deformation and upper mantle thermal perturbations controlled folding of the thermally weakened lithosphere. In this paper we address relationships among deeper lithospheric processes, neotectonics and surface processes in the Northern Alpine foreland with special emphasis on tectonically induced topography. We focus on lithosphere memory and neotectonics, paying special attention to the thermo-mechanical structure of the Rhine Graben System and adjacent areas of the northern Alpine foreland lithosphere. We discuss implications for mechanisms of large-scale intraplate deformation and links with surface processes and topography evolution. 相似文献
956.
Development of an integrated conceptual model for the rational management of the transboundary Nestos River, Greece 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper provides a detailed analysis of the geologic, hydrologic and hydrogeologic characteristics of Nestos River basin,
which is formed within the Greek mountainous part of the river. The quantitative analysis was mainly based on the data of
the river flow in different gauging points across the rivercourse as well as on the data of groundwater discharge from karst
springs of the mountainous area while important conclusions were made regarding the hydraulic connection between the surface
waters of the river and the groundwater of the karst aquifers of the basin. The qualitative analysis has shown that the quality
of both surface waters and groundwaters of the investigated basin is high, whereas, no sources of contamination were indicated
during this research. The possible effects of the two large dams of Platanovrisi and Thesavros are also analysed as they strongly
affect the quantitative and qualitative regime of the river delta. 相似文献
957.
The 17 March 2005 Kuzulu landslide (Sivas, Turkey) and landslide-susceptibility map of its near vicinity 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Landslides are common natural hazards in the seismically active North Anatolian Fault Zone of Turkey. Although seismic activity, heavy rainfall, channel incisions, and anthropogenic effects are commonly the main triggers of landslides, on March 17, 2005, a catastrophic large landslide in Sivas, northeastern of Turkey, the Kuzulu landslide, was triggered by snowmelt without any other precursor. The initial failure of the Kuzulu landslide was rotational. Following the rotational failure, the earth material in the zone of accumulation exhibited an extremely rapid flow caused by steep gradient and high water content. The Agnus Creek valley, where Kuzulu village is located, was filled by the earth-flow material and a landslide dam was formed on the upper part of Agnus Creek. The distance from the toe of the rotational failure down to the toe of the earth flow measured more than 1800 m, with about 12.5 million m3 of displaced earth material. The velocity of the Kuzulu landslide was extremely fast, approximately 6 m/s. The main purposes of this study are to describe the mechanism and the factors conditioning the Kuzulu landslide, to present its environmental impacts, and to produce landslide-susceptibility maps of the Kuzulu landslide area and its near vicinity. For this purpose, a detailed landslide inventory map was prepared and geology, slope, aspect, elevation, topographic-wetness index and stream-power index were considered as conditioning factors. During the susceptibility analyses, the conditional probability approach was used and a landslide-susceptibility map was produced. The landslide-susceptibility map will help decision makers in site selection and the site-planning process. The map may also be accepted as a basis for landslide risk-management studies to be applied in the study area. 相似文献
958.
A. Aiuppa S. Inguaggiato M. O’Dwyer M.J. Padgett M. Valenza 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(7):1861-1871
We present here new measurements of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide emissions from Vulcano, Etna, and Stromboli (Italy), made by direct sampling at vents and by filter pack and ultraviolet spectroscopy in downwind plumes. Measurements at the F0 and FA fumaroles on Vulcano yielded SO2/H2S molar ratios of ≈0.38 and ≈1.4, respectively, from which we estimate an H2S flux of 6 to 9 t · d−1 for the summit crater. For Mt. Etna and Stromboli, we found SO2/H2S molar ratios of ≈20 and ≈15, respectively, which combined with SO2 flux measurements, suggest H2S emission rates of 50 to 113 t · d−1 and 4 to 8 t · d−1, respectively. We observe that “source” and plume SO2/H2S ratios at Vulcano are similar, suggesting that hydrogen sulfide is essentially inert on timescales of seconds to minutes. This finding has important implications for estimates of volcanic total sulfur budget at volcanoes since most existing measurements do not account for H2S emission. 相似文献
959.
Calculation of the UV-visible spectra and the stability of Mo and Re oxysulfides in aqueous solution
J.A. Tossell 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(10):2497-2503
Erickson and Helz (2000) established that molybdate, MoO4−2, is quickly and completely transformed to thiomolybdate, MoS4−2, by reaction with sulfide. They monitored the equilibria and kinetics of this process by measuring the UV-visible spectra of solutions containing the different oxythiomolybdate species. There is interest in the analogous reactions for the ReO4− species but little experimental data. We have therefore calculated quantum-chemically the equilibrium constants in solution for the sulfidation reactions of both MoO4−2 and ReO4−, as well as recalculating their UV-visible charge-transfer spectra. Calculations using configuration interaction singles and time-dependent hybrid Hartree-Fock density functional methods give good absolute values and trends in UV-vis energies for both series. For MoO4−2 the calculated equilibrium constants for the various sulfidation steps match reasonably well against the experimental values (within two log K units). For the ReO4− sulfidation reaction the first two steps are considerably less favorable than for MoO4−2, suggesting that the “geochemical switch” of Erickson and Helz, a rapid transformation of oxyanion to thioanion highly dependent on sulfide concentration, will be less effective in the Re case. However, both our calculations and experiment indicate that ReO4− and ReS4− are both easier to reduce than their Mo analogs, so that reduction of these Re(VII) species will be the preferred mechanism for their removal from seawater. A previous suggestion that the neutral species MoO4H2 is actually the hydrated octahedral Mo(OH)6 species is found to be incorrect, but the MoO3(OH2)3 species, a highly distorted six-coordinate complex, is almost competitive in energy with MoO4H2 plus two H2O. 相似文献
960.