阿德雷岛企鹅种群分布、繁殖行为及其环境影响因子分析

2006/2007夏季对南极长城站地区的企鹅种群数量、分布及其繁殖行为进行了生态学调查与研究,共记录到5种企鹅:白眉企鹅、阿德利企鹅、纹颊企鹅、王企鹅和帝企鹅,前3种企鹅在本地区繁殖,后2种为本区旅鸟。阿德雷岛是本地区最重要的企鹅繁殖地,2006/2007南极夏季阿德雷岛上繁殖的企鹅约为9724只,繁殖期后的企鹅总数约为17220只,繁殖成功率为0.40—1.41只/对。通过与历史资料对比,初步分析了近年来在本地区繁殖的企鹅数量与种群结构的变化趋势及其与气候、环境、人类活动的关系。     

非线性成矿学

<正> 过去几十年,成矿学有很大的进展,这种说法虽然不会有人反对。取得这种进展的原因是,我们在苏联领域上,研究了以内生矿床为主矿床的分布规律,发现了若干新的矿区和矿省,并且取得了成就。但是,在过去几年,对成矿学研究的兴趣略有减少,这也是显而易见的,原因可能很多,其中至少三个原因是大家都知道的。第一个原因是:我们曾制定出区域成矿分析的一般理论原则,后来在50—60年代末对其作了改进,根据这些原则编了成矿规律     

旅游业的社会影响

旅游业的社会影响可涉及三个方面:旅客、旅游地居民、游客与旅游地居民的关系。本文着重于后两个方面。对旅游业的早期研究一般都集中在它对旅游地的经济影响。对社会影响的研究始于近几年。旅游业的社会影响指的是旅游业带来的表现在价值观、个人行为、家庭关系、生活方式、道德观念等方面的变化。     

地缘商业:地理学家的一种国际观点

本文的目的是扼要说明国际商业的性质和范围,探讨地理学和国际商业研究之间的关系,然后讨论具有地缘商业观点对地理学家和大学地理课程表的种种意义。对国际商业活动的一般观察在历史上特别是过去150年来,国际商业在许多国家的经济发展中起着重要的作用。产业革命曾经刺激了国际贸易的巨大增长和早期多国公司在国外生产设施的建立。但第二次世界大战以后的这些年代里,国际商业有了引人注目的增长,也是无疑的。国际商业演变中的型式和方式:第二次世界大战后,国际商业舞台上的演员(行动者)愈来愈多了,他们之间的关系也更加复杂。战后头十年,基本上是“两个行动者”的时期。     

COMPOSITIONAL VARIATIONS IN MANGANESE NODULES COLLECTED FROM THE NORTH PENRHYN BASIN

Manganese nodules collected from the North Penrhyn Basin are characterized by low content of Mn and Fe, medium content of Ni and Cu , and medium Mn / Fe ratios . The average content of Ni plus Co is 1.11% , maximum 1.89% . Ni content slightly exceeds the Cu content in the nodules. Ni and Cu are strongly correlated with Mn , whereas Co is strongly correlated with Fe . Nodules containing Ni+Cu+Co near or in excess of 1% are rich in Mn and have a high Mn/Fe ratio. Those with highest content of Ni+Cu+Co are concentrated at or near the carbonate compensation depth . Nodules metal contents vary with latitude and have a reciprocal relationship with abundance. Contents of Mn, Ni, Cu and Ni+Cu+Co are high in nodules found at 2 - 6°S and vary decreasingly toward 1°N and 12°S , whereas Co content varies increasingly from 2°S towards 12°S. Nodule compositional variations with latitude are controlled by biological productivity, carbonate compensation depth , sedimentation rate, and bottom current.     

Climatic significance of δ~(18)O records from an 80.36 m ice core in the East Rongbuk Glacier, Mount Qomolangma (Everest)

The δ18O variations in an 80.36 m ice core retrieved in the accumulation zone of the East Rongbuk Glacier, Mount Qomolangma (Everest), is not consistent with changes of air temperature from both southern and northern slopes of Himalayas, as well as these of the temperature anomalies over the Northern Hemisphere. The negative relationship between the δ18O and the net accumulation records of the ice core suggests the "amount effect" of summer precipitation on the δ18O values in the region. Therefore, the δ18O records of the East Rongbuk ice core should be a proxy of Indian Summer Monsoon intensity, which shows lower δ18O values during strong monsoon phases and higher values during weak phases.     

THE GATE SQUALL LINE OF 9－10 AUGUST 1974

A tropical squall line that passed over the ship array of the Global Atmospheric Research Programme’s Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE) on 9－10 August 1974 is analyzed. This squall line was similar to squall systems that passed over the GATE ship array on four other days. It began as a purely convective cloud line, then developed an associated stratiform cloud and precipitation area. The stratiform rain built up to a maxi-mum amount over a period of 8 h, then gradually diminished over a 6 h period. This stratiform rain is esti-mated to have accounted for 32% of the squall system’s total precipitation. As in other GATE squall lines, the upper-level cloud shield from which the stratiform rain fell, was advected slowly forward of the line during the system’s lifetime, the leading line of corrective clouds consisted of transient smaller-scale convective elements, which lent the line an irregular shape and pulsatory movement, and the stratiform portion of the system was characterized by the development of a mid-level mesoscale vortex similar to that seen in other GATE eases.     

A Comparison of the Bacterial Microflora between Coastal Sites in Qingdao, P.R. China and Loch Fyne, Scotland

Aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria, recovered from two sites located on the west coast of Scotland, were compared to cultures obtained in a similar way from industrial, aquacultural and clean sites in the vicinity of Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China. Gram-negative bacterial cultures were examined by BIOLOG-GN, and the data analysed by the simple matching (SSM) and Jaccard coefficients (SJ) and unweighted average linkage clustering using NTSys. The output revealed that 20% of the bacteria, namely, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Aquaspirillum dispar, Pseudomonas spp. (two groups), Sphingobacterium sp., Vibrio sp., V. campbellii, V. mimicus and V. hollisae, were common between the two geographical locations. However, the study revealed shortcomings with the BIOLOG-GN system for the study of coastal Gram-negative bacteria.