加强矿产资源总体潜力调查与评价——学习《国务院关于加强地质工作的决定》的体会

对于《国务院关于加强地质工作的决定》(以下简称《决定》)的颁布,广大地质工作者无不欢欣鼓舞,盼望已久的地质事业的春天终于到来了。笔者作为一个为地质事业奋斗了40多年至今仍奋战在地质工作的岗位上的老地质队员,更是感到格外欣慰。我国地质工作,经历了由开创、发展,到调整     

Membrane preconcentration of iron in seawater samples and on-site determination in spectrophotometry

A novel method for on-site determination of trace iron was developed using membrane preconcentration and spectrophotometric detection. Fe(Ⅱ)-ferrozine complex was reacted with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to form a Fe(Ⅱ)-ferrozine-CTAB paired compound, which was collected on a membrane by filtration under vacuum. The membrane was immersed in 2 mL of ethanol-nitric acid and the absorbance of the solution measured for quantitative analysis. Various factors affecting the iron collection and determination were investigated. With different sample preconcentration volumes, the range of determination was broadened to 0.5-120 g/L. The detection limit of this method reached 0.19 g/L and the recoveries were between 97.2 and 109% when the concentration enrichment was about 45. The relative standard deviation (n = 7) was 1.9% for samples containing 10 g/L Fe. Twelve seawater samples were analyzed on-site using the proposed method, and two were also analyzed in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. No significant difference was shown between the two methods by the Student’s t-test. The method has also been used on-site for iron enrichment experiments with phytoplankton and concluded to be simple, accurate and inexpensive.     

用支持向量机方法做登陆热带气旋站点大风预报

将支持向量机（SVM）回归方法应用于在登陆热带气旋影响下,每天00、06、12、18 UTC 4时次2分钟平均的站点风速预报。从2002-2007年热带气旋本身强度、站点地形情况和站点附近高低空环境场要素,设计相关因子,建立了4种预报模式,其中模式4的风速拟合误差的标准差为1.591 m·s~（-1）。用2008年8个登录热带气旋做独立样本检验,预报风速与实际风速的平均绝对值误差为1.750 m·s~（-1）,标准差为2.367 m·s~（-1）。结果表明,在适当的样本截取和预报因子选取后,SVM方法建模的风速预报48小时内效果较好。     

分米波毫秒级太阳射电爆发的几个形态

介绍使用１０ｍ天线上２１ｃｍ波段ｍｓ级连续快速记录系统,观测到分米波太阳射电快速活动的几种形态、特征、尖峰辐射及其共生现象。     

春、秋季南黄海浮游纤毛虫丰度及生物量的分布差异

Seasonal variation of marine plankton spatial distribution is important in understanding the biological processes in the ocean.In this study,we studied spatial distribution of planktonic ciliate abundance and biomass in the central deep area(station depth greater than 60 m) and the coastal shallow area(station depth less than 60 m) of the southern Yellow Sea(32°–36.5°N,121°–125°E) in spring(April) and autumn(October–November) of 2006.Our results showed that both ciliate abundance and biomass in the surface waters were higher in spring((1 490±2 336)ind./L;(4.11±7.81) μg/L) than in autumn((972±823) ind./L;(1.11±1.18) μg/L,calculated by carbon).Ciliate abundance and biomass in the surface waters of the coastal shallow area were similar in spring and autumn.However,in the central deep area,those values were much higher in spring((1 878±2 893) ind./L;(5.99±10.10)μg/L) than in autumn((738±373) ind./L;(0.74±0.76) μg/L).High values of ciliate abundance and biomass occurred in the central deep area in spring and in the coastal shallow area in autumn.Mixotrophic ciliate Laboea strobila was abundant in the central deep area in spring,when a phytoplankton bloom occurred.However,in autumn,L.strobila was abundant in the coastal shallow area.Boreal tintinnid Ptychocyli obtusa was found in spring.Both L.strobila and P.obtusa were concentrated in the surface waters when their abundance was more than 1 000 ind./L.Peaks of these species were in the subsurface waters when their abundance was less than 400 ind./L.This study showed that both high abundance and biomass of ciliates occurred in different areas in southern Yellow Sea seasonally.     

盐沼潮滩生物动力地貌演变研究进展

盐沼潮滩作为滨海湿地的一个重要类型,为河口海岸地区提供了多种关键的生态服务功能,具有重要的社会、经济与生态价值,其地貌演变规律的认知是海岸带保护修复和科学管理的基础。回顾国内外近一个世纪以来针对潮滩动力地貌过程的研究工作,发现研究热点已逐渐从传统的研究潮滩水-沙-地貌相互作用过渡到探索植物、动物、微生物等生物作用与动力、地貌之间的互馈机制,涉及海岸动力学、地貌学、沉积学、环境生态学等多个学科,是典型的交叉学科前沿研究领域。归纳了盐沼植被与潮滩多种因子的相互作用,总结了常用的盐沼潮滩地貌演变模拟手段及取得的机理认知,并提出今后在生物作用、陆海耦合动力地貌模型研发等方面的科学问题和发展方向。     

移动新媒体用户规模和气象信息传播的相关性分析

通过分析天气类App和气象微信公众号受众规模变化与气象信息传播方式之间的关联和存在的问题,在切合移动新媒体传播特征基础上,在及时、准确、简洁传播天气预报核心信息的前提下,对气象信息与其它行业信息进行融合研究和开发,形成特色和个性,聚合某一类需求的人群,形成社群,才能增加用户规模,实现传播平台信息差异化和有效传播。     

乌鲁木齐市大气降尘中重金属来源分析

采用均匀布点的原则,在乌鲁木齐市不同区域采集大气降尘样本,通过ICP-AES测定了样本中Cu、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Zn、Cd、Pb、As和Li的重金属含量。计算了重金属元素的富集因子指数,同时采用因子分析方法探讨了重金属的来源。结果表明:所测的重金属中,除Mn元素外,均受到人为源的干扰。其中贡献率从大到小依次为:风沙扬尘28.95%,燃煤26.13%,石化工业18.85%,金属冶炼15.30%,其他源贡献约为10.78%。说明乌鲁木齐市的大气环境质量受风沙扬尘影响很大,防空风沙和建筑扬尘对改善大气环境质量非常重要。煤烟型污染依然严重,调整能源结构是治理大气污染的当务之急,减少石化和金属冶炼工业的排放也是刻不容缓工作。     

海平面变化研究发展迅速

在过去的10年,人们测定海平面的能力取得长足进步。目前的技术水平和所预见的技术进程表明,在下一个10年,将能够在更大范围更精确地确定海平面的空间和时间变化。     

海洋浮游细菌生长率和被摄食的研究综述

海洋浮游细菌利用海水中的溶解有机碳合成自身物质,是海洋浮游生态系统的二次生产者。微型浮游动物是细菌的主要摄食者,也是细菌生产向较高营养级传递的中介。研究海洋浮游细菌的生长率和被(微型浮游动物的)摄食率对理解海洋浮游生态系统的功能具有重要作用。本文综述了利用改变海水中生物类群组成(或功能)的培养方法研究海洋浮游细菌生长率和被摄食率的历程和现状,为我国的同类研究提供借鉴。改变海水中生物类群组成(或功能)进行培养的方法有海水分粒级培养、海水稀释培养和添加选择性抑制剂培养。这些方法各有其局限性,应用并不广泛。细菌及其主要摄食者异养鞭毛虫群落在自然海区和实验室内都有生长周期,鞭毛虫的生长周期落后于细菌,因此细菌的生长率有时会小于被摄食率,有时会大于被摄食率。我国这方面的研究相对落后,应值得引起重视,建议从海水稀释培养法入手开展相关研究。