津巴布韦南十字矿区钨矿床地质特征及成因探讨

南十字矿区钨矿床的形成与新太古代的中酸性侵入岩、太古宙的绿岩带有密切关系;钨矿体主要受控于近EW向展布的脆—韧性构造带F_1,且具有多期性和多阶段性;钨矿赋存于片麻状花岗闪长岩与布拉瓦约(Bulawayo)群近EW向展布的层间滑脱带内,受F_1脆—韧性剪切构造带控制,与太古代花岗闪长岩界线为断层接触,矿体主要为含钨绢英岩化花岗闪长质碎裂岩型,其次为石英脉型;该矿床的形成主要表现为两个阶段(含3个期次),即主成矿阶段(Ⅰ期)和弱成矿阶段(Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期)。钨元素的主要物质来源于区内的花岗闪长岩岩体和太古代布拉瓦约群地层。围岩蚀变发育,硅化、绢云母化、绿泥石化、黄铁矿化等蚀变与钨矿化关心密切。     

Thermodynamics and Microphysical Characteristics of an Extreme Rainfall Event Under the Influence of a Low-level Jet over the South China Coast

In this paper, the data of Automatic Weather Stations (AWSs), ERA5 reanalysis, sounding, wind profile radar, and dual-polarization radar are used to study an extreme rainfall event in the south China Coast on 11 to 12 May 2022 from the aspects of thermodynamics and microphysical characteristics under the influence of low-level jets (LLJs). Results show that: (1) The extreme rainfall event can be divided into two stages: the first stage (S1) from 0000 to 0600 LST on May 12 and the second stage (S2) from 0700 to 1700 LST on the same day. During S1, the rainfall is mainly caused by the upper-level shortwave trough and the boundary layer jet (BLJ), characterized by strong upward motion on the windward side of mountains. In S2, the combined influence of the BLJ and synoptic-system-related low-level jet (SLLJ) increases the vertical wind shear and vertical vorticity, strengthening the rainstorm. In combination with the effect of topography, a warm and humid southwest flow continuously transports water vapor to farther north, resulting in a significant increase in rainfall over the study area (on the terrain’s windward slope). From S1 to S2, the altitude of a divergence center in the upper air decreases obviously. (2) The rainfalls in the two stages are both associated with the mesoscale convergence line (MCL) on the surface, and the wind field from the mesoscale outflow boundary (MOB) in S1 is in the same direction as the environmental winds. Due to a small area of convergence that is left behind the MOB, convection moves eastward quickly and causes a short duration of heavy rainfall. In S2, the convergence along the MOB is enhanced, which strengthens the rainfall and leads to strong outflows, further enhancing the surface convergence near the MOB and forming a positive feedback mechanism. It results in a slow motion of convection and a long duration of heavy rainfall. (3) In terms of microphysics, the center of a strong echo in S1 is higher than in S2. The warm-rain process of the oceanic type characterizes both stages, but the convective intensity in S2 is significantly stronger than that in S1, featuring bigger drop sizes and lower concentrations. It is mainly due to the strengthening of LLJs, which makes small cloud droplets lift to melting levels, enhancing the ice phase process (riming process), producing large amounts of graupel particles and enhancing the melting and collision processes as they fall, resulting in the increase of liquid water content (LWC) and the formation of large raindrops near the surface.     

森林湿地生态系统服务功能及价值评估研究综述

森林湿地生态服务功能价值评估逐渐成为湿地科学前沿领域的热点话题。在介绍当前森林湿地生态系统定义和分布的基础上,综述了森林湿地主要生态服务功能的类型、机理和价值评估方法,旨在加强人们对森林湿地生态系统服务功能的认识,并为森林湿地的管理与保护提供科学支持。     

新发现的江河寄生性等足类——细角鳃虫的人工感染试验

珠江水系贺江段近年出现严重危害网箱养殖和江河鱼类资源的大型寄生虫病害,初步鉴定该虫隶属于甲壳纲,等足目,鳃虫科,细角鳃虫属,是国内新发现的淡水鱼类寄生虫。用该虫对草鱼、银鲫、麦鲮进行人工感染,结果表明:该虫具有很强的寄生能力,累积感染率为76.2%~100.0%;对寄生部位具有一定的选择性,以寄生在鳃部的比例(55.6%~72.0%)最大,胸鳍(11.7%~28.8%)次之;对试验鱼有较强的致死性;该虫吸血后体长(L)增长较大,体宽(W)基本不变;从寄主体上主动脱落的虫体,其L/W的增长率(16.32%~18.00%)较大,而一直寄生在寄主身上的虫体,其L/W的增长率则因各自摄食量的不同而存在较大的差异。     

济宁市耕地动态变化及驱动因素分析

根据济宁市耕地历年总量及人均耕地数量变化情况可以看出,55年来耕地数量总体呈明显波动减少趋势,各县(市、区)的变化也存在差异。定性与定量相结合的分析结果表明,济宁市耕地动态变化的驱动因素主要为经济发展对耕地占用的巨大需求和比较经济利益对耕地占用的巨大压力。为遏制耕地数量减少,对耕地数量快速减少区、平稳减少区和增加区采取的措施有所区别。     

“大陆”板块在运动

坚硬的地壳并不是“铁板一块”，位于地表以下70-100公里厚的岩石层也不象蛋壳那样完整。无论是在大洋底下或大陆底下的岩层，原来都是由一块块大板块构成的。在这些大板块之间不是大洋中脊的裂口，就是几千米深的海沟或者是巨大的断层。     

NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ON TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY—PART Ⅱ:COUPLING MODEL AND EXPERIMENT

A tropical cyclone-marine mixed layer model including air-sea interaction is established to conductnumerical experiment with the effects of SST on the cyclone's intensity,Evidence suggests that withair-sea interaction involved,SST rise causes a drop of central pressure of the storm and SST impact onthe intensity is weaker in the coupling case.Moreover,study is undertaken of the intensity variationof another tropical cyclone moving in the cyclone's cold-tail sector,with the results in good agreementwith the observational fact.     

扎赉诺尔凹陷下白垩统含煤岩系层序-古地理与聚煤规律研究

利用煤田钻孔、测井及古生物等资料对内蒙古海拉尔盆地扎赉诺尔凹陷下白垩统含煤岩系层序地层格架进行分析。根据区域不整合面,下切谷河道砂体冲刷面及古生物组合突变面把研究区下白垩统含煤岩系分为两个三级层序,并建立等时层序地层格架,对沉积相及聚煤特征进行了研究。结果表明:层序I在凹陷南部3个体系域发育完整,在北部仅发育上部的高水位体系域,为厚层滨浅湖泥岩沉积。层序II的3个体系域发育、保存齐全,低水位体系域主要发育厚层分流河道砂岩;湖侵体系域主要发育三角洲平原、三角洲分流间湾和河口坝等沉积;高水位体系域主要发育厚层的滨湖粉砂岩、泥岩和煤层沉积;扎赉诺尔凹陷的聚煤环境主要是三角洲平原及三角洲朵叶体之间的低洼地带,富煤带主要位于凹陷西部和东北部地区,煤层单层厚度可达30m。     

参加第11次世界天气研究计划热带气象工作组及热带气旋全预警科学讨论会总结

应世界气象组织(WMO)邀请,中国气象科学研究院端义宏和梁旭东研究员参加了由世界气象组织世界天气研究计划(WWRP)热带气象工作组于2018年9月10-13日在新西兰奥克兰举办的第11次热带气象工作组会议及热带气旋全预警系统概念(Total Warning System Concept)科学讨论会。