广西地区小侵入体与金屬矿床的关系及其成矿預測

一、小侵入体一般概念及其特点小侵入体概念問題,目前还未有統一的解釋,苏联地質学家阿布杜拉耶夫所著成矿作用与花崗岩类侵入作用的成因关系一書中,認为小侵入体具浅成外形,范围小,其单独侵入体露头的横断面很少超过1～1.5公里,呈岩株状或岩墙状;一般具有斑状及細粒状結构。杨敏之同志在57年1期地質知識发表的岩墙与矿脉的互相关系一文中認为小侵入体包括岩株、岩墙、岩斗等直径不大(数百米到数公里)的侵入体。笔者認为小浸入体主要是指火成岩的岩株而言,但可以包括与侵入体有关的岩床、岩脉,其范围根据主要     

黔南城镇化建设中的气象灾害预警系统研制

建立对黔南气象灾害历史数据库并应用GIS技术进行灾害区划,根据数学模型计算得到的重大灾害重现期指标,构建黔南城镇化建设中气象灾害影响的决策建议平台.用针对不同区域研究得到的气象灾害预警阈值,来自动过滤系统调取的区域自动气象站实时要素数据,同时结合提取的雷达回波和数值预报等气象预报指标,完成系统对各乡镇和重点区域的实时气象灾害监测预警.     

The sensitivity of ground surface temperature prediction to soil thermal properties Using the Simple Biosphere Model (SiB2)

Using the Simple Biosphere Model (SiB2), soil thermal properties (STP) were examined in a Tibetan prairie during the monsoon period to investigate ground surface temperature prediction. We improved the SiB2 model by incorporating a revised force-restore method (FRM) to take the vertical heterogeneity of soil thermal diffusivity (k) into account. The results indicate that (1) the revised FRM alleviates daytime overestimation and nighttime underestimation in modeled ground surface temperature (T_g), and (2) its role in little rainfall events is significant because the vertical gradient of k increases with increasing surface evaporation. Since the original formula of thermal conductivity (λ) in the SiB2 greatly underestimates soil thermal conductivity, we compared five algorithms of λ involving soil moisture to investigate the cause of overestimation during the day and underestimation at night on the basis of the revised FRM. The results show that (1) the five algorithms significantly improve T_g prediction, especially in daytime, and (2) taking one of these five algorithms as an example, the simulated T_g values in the daytime are closer to the field measurements than those in the nighttime. The differences between modeled T_g and field measurements are mostly within the margin of error of ±2 K during 3 August to 4 September 1998.     

呼和浩特市近50a气温变化特征分析

利用呼和浩特市1961—2010年气温资料,用线性回归、方差分析等统计方法分析呼市气温的年代际变化特征以及季节性变化规律,指出近50a来平均气温以每0.57℃/10a的幅度增高。     

Wave-dependence of friction velocity,roughness length,and drag coefficient over coastal and open water surfaces by using three databases

The parameterization of friction velocity, roughness length, and the drag coefficient over coastal zones and open water surfaces enables us to better understand the physical processes of air-water interaction. In context of measurements from the Humidity Exchange over the Sea Main Experiment (HEXMAX), we recently proposed wave-parameter dependent approaches to sea surface friction velocity and the aerodynamic roughness by using the dimensional analysis method. To extend the application of these approaches to a range of natural surface conditions, the present study is to assess this approach by using both coastal shallow (RASEX) and open water surface measurements (Lake Ontario and Grand Banks ERS-1 SAR) where wind speeds were greater than 6.44 m s^-1. Friction velocities, the surface aerodynamic roughness, and the neutral drag coefficient estimated by these approaches under moderate wind conditions were compared with the measurements mentioned above. Results showed that the coefficients in these approaches for coastal shallow water surface differ from those for open water surfaces, and that the aerodynamic roughness length in terms of wave age or significant wave height should be treated differently for coastal shallow and open water surfaces.     

大理雨季开始期演变及异常环流特征分析

利用云南省大理州12个气象站1962～2008年共47a雨季开始期资料及NCEP／NCAR高度场及风场资料分析了大理雨季开始期的时空分布特征及异常年环流特征。EOF分析表明,大理雨季开始期存在多种空间分布类型,主要的分布型是一致偏早（晚）型及东南一西北型。Morlet小波分析表明,大理雨季开始期在20世纪60年代初到70年代中期偏早,70年代中期至90年代初偏晚,90年代初至今偏早;且存在约2a和10a的特征时间周期变化。异常偏早年5月高度距平场上北半球经向上呈“-＋-”的分布,异常偏晚年则相反,呈“＋-＋”的分布。异常年5月高、中低层的距平风场同样存在明显差异,异常偏早年高层存在增强伊朗高压的反气旋环流,低层存在偏强的南亚季风环流,异常偏晚年则是相反的环流特征。     

湍流通量参数化方案的非迭代方法研究

基于Högström (1996) 和Beljaars et al.(1991) 的研究工作, 沿用Louis et al.(1982) 和Launiainen (1995) 的思路, 本文采用多元回归分析方法, 研发了一种采用非迭代方法的湍流通量参数化方案。该方案直接用整体理查森数、 空气动力学粗糙度长度和热力学粗糙度长度对稳定度参数进行参数化, 从而避免了通过循环迭代计算Monin－Obukhov长度。该方案不仅有效地节省了CPU计算时间, 而且其计算结果与迭代方案 (BHH方案) 的计算结果非常接近。     

两种土壤温度算法的对比分析

为了定量理解黄土高原土壤的物理特性和过程, 为进一步提高陆面模式对该地区地表能量平衡模拟能力奠定基础, 本文利用2005年黄土高原陆面过程试验中7月22～26日期间裸土地表观测站土壤温度观测资料, 采用热传导（结合数学拟合法)、热传导－对流两种方法分别计算了该地区土壤热扩散率。本文还利用热传导－对流方法计算0.05～0.1 m浅薄土壤层的热扩散率垂直梯度与水通量密度之和, 其值介于0.80×10-6～2.43×10-6m/s之间。在此基础之上, 以0.05 m深度的土壤层为上边界, 分别利用上述两种方法模拟0.10 m深度的土壤层温度, 结果表明: 由于忽略土壤的垂直不均匀性和水分的垂直运动而只考虑热传导过程, 热传导方法不仅高估了土壤温度振幅, 而且高估了位相的延迟。而热传导－对流方法对温度振幅和位相的模拟值与实际观测值吻合较好, 白天 (北京时间08:00～20:00) 的温度模拟值相对测量值的平均误差、 标准差和归一化标准差分别为0.19 K、0.18 K和0.08%。     

光学成像灰度级玻耳兹曼熵谱分析与图像分割

讨论玻耳兹曼关系式的状态数、熵及其常数与光学成像灰度级划分的谱关系．将热力学原理应用于光学成像过程的微观分析,提出实际图像、理想图像及其玻耳兹曼熵谱概念．认为实际图像灰度级处于平衡态,理想图像则是非平衡态的灰度级分布所构成．从平衡态到非平衡态转化是１个非自发过程,需要外部施加作用,利用平衡态和非平衡态之间的熵差分布实现图像分割．实验与分析表明图像分割的实质是在外力作用下实现从实际图像对理想图像的逼近．