基于转录组数据的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)SNP标记开发及多态性分析

大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)是最具商业价值和养殖前途的海水鱼类之一,雌雄间生长有一定的差异。其高通量雌雄转录组测序的完成为大规模鉴定和开发SNP标记提供了参考序列。本研究基于大菱鲆雌雄转录组测序数据,选择其中45个SNP位点,设计引物63组,其中21个位点(46.7%)应用小片段高分辨率熔解曲线(HRM)技术分型成功。对其进行多态性检测,21个位点均具有二个单倍型。观测杂合度Ho的分布范围为0.256—1.000,期望杂合度He的范围为0.276—0.518,19个位点符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。14个SNP位点位于基因编码区,其中3个属于非同义突变。含有这些SNP位点的基因大多与信号转导和转录翻译相关。本研究结果表明,高通量转录组测序和小片段HRM适合大规模SNP标记开发,为大菱鲆的分子遗传育种提供了候选标记资源。     

大菱鲆与耐高温性状相关的微卫星标记筛选

采用微卫星分子标记(SSR)技术分析大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)耐高温相关特性,为耐高温大菱鲆的分子辅助育种提供合适的分子标记.将大菱鲆经过高温实验处理,区分为耐高温组与高温敏感组,用于实验分析.采用Salah.M法抽提大菱鲆肌肉组织的DNA,根据已知的30个大菱鲆微卫星位点的侧翼保守序列设计引物,进行微卫星引物PCR(SSR-PCR)扩增.对PCR扩增出的差异条带进行个体统计,最后进行微卫星位点与耐高温性状的相关性分析.结果表明,有1个微卫星位点与大菱鲆耐高温性状存在一定的负相关性;有3个微卫星位点与大菱鲆耐高温性状存在正相关性,其中位点Sma-USC27 286 bp的等位基因片段与耐高温性状的正相关性极显著,相关系数达到0.383(P＜0.01),其余2个位点为一般显著性相关.微卫星位点Sma-USC27所扩增出的差异等位基因片段可作为分子标记指导耐高温大菱鲆的辅助育种.     

黔阳地区农业地质背景与农业优势区分析

为了扩大区域地质调查成果的服务领域,通过地层岩石、地质构造、地貌、水文地质、地球化学背景及气候等因素的综合分析,结合农、林、果、药作物及畜牧渔业的生产状况.将黔阳地区划分为橙桔柚、优质稻、林、林桔橙、板栗林、桔橙林、林茶7个优势区.对合理调整农业生产结构,建设名优特农产品基地等具有重要作用.     

Interaction of temperature and salinity on the expression of immunity factors in different tissues of juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus based on response surface methodology

Central Composite Design(CCD) and response surface methodology were used in the experiment to examine the combined effect of temperature(16-28℃) and salinity(18-42) on Hsp70 and IgM genes expression levels in turbot(Scophthalmus maximus) liver and kidney.The results showed that the coefficients of determination(R~2=0.965 2 for liver Hsp70,0.972 9 for kidney Hsp70,0.921 for liver IgM and 0.962 1 for kidney IgM) and probability values(P0.01) were significant for the regression model.The interactive effect between temperature and salinity on liver Hsp70,kidney Hsp70 and liver IgM were not significant(P0.05),while the interactive effect between temperature and salinity on kidney IgM was significant(P0.01).The model equation could be used in practice for forecasting Hsp70 and IgM genes expression levels in the liver and kidney of juvenile turbot via applying statistical optimization of the response of interest,at which the maximum liver Hsp70,kidney Hsp70,liver IgM and kidney IgM of1.48,1.49,2.48,and 1.38,respectively,were reached.The present model may be valuable in assessing the feasibility of turbot farming at different geographic locations and,furthermore,could be a useful reference for scientists studying the immunity of turbot.     

Comparison of the morphometric dynamics of fast-growing and slow-growing strains of turbot Scophthalmus maximus

The dynamics of changes in body shape of fast-growing and slow-growing strains of turbot Scophthalmus maximus, and of the differences in body shape between the two strains, were evaluated from 3 to 27 months of age. The ratios of total length/body length, body width/body length and total length/body width were used as morphometric indices. The two strains exhibited different temporal trends in total length/body length but similar trends in body width/body length and total length/body width. Generally, body width/body length of the two strains increased with time and total length/body width decreased. Thus, the bodies of both fast-growing and slow-growing strains of turbot changed from a narrow to a more rounded shape. However, the ratio total length/body length was generally lower, body width/body length was mostly higher and total length/body width was consistently lower in the fast-growing strain than in the slowgrowing strain. Correlation analysis of the three shape ratios with body weight showed that total length/body length and total length/body width were unsuitable, and that width/body length was suitable, for use as a phenotypic marker for selective breeding of turbot for growth in weight.     

大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)种业发展及相关前沿技术应用

大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)是原产于欧洲的重要的特有名贵鱼类之一, 于1992 年被引 入中国。由于大菱鲆大规模人工繁育技术的突破, 使其成为中国沿海重要的经济鱼类。然而, 在繁育 过程中, 由于缺乏有效的亲鱼管理, 导致出现亲鱼近交, 结果造成严重的种质衰退。因此, 为了维持 大菱鲆产业健康、稳定、持续的发展, 自大菱鲆规模化养殖以来又开展了大菱鲆的遗传改良工作。 本文从繁育和选育两个方面回顾了近年来国内外大菱鲆种业的发展历程及现状, 总结了大菱鲆种业 发展的前沿技术及应用, 并对大菱鲆种业发展所需的技术研发趋势进行了展望。     

眼斑双锯鱼(Amphiprion ocellaris)发育中体色花纹时序发生的色素细胞变化和控制基因表达的分析I.胚胎时期

眼斑双锯鱼(Amphiprion ocellaris)属于鲈形目、雀鲷科、双锯鱼属, 是热带珊瑚礁观赏鱼类的首选品种。不同体色和花纹与色素细胞相关基因的表达直接相关, 在其胚胎发育的过程中, 色素细胞的形态和数量一直在变化, 但不同发育时期各种色素细胞的动态变化及其控制基因表达情况等仍需明确研究。记录了眼斑双锯鱼胚胎时期色素细胞变化较为明显的6个发育时期, 观察了不同时期的体色及色素细胞的变化特点, 并利用荧光定量PCR检测了各发育时期的10个体色控制基因的表达情况。结果显示: 在胚胎发育阶段, 整个胚胎的颜色从橙黄逐渐转变为暗红、黑红、黑色到最终透明, 观察到卵黄囊表面幼体黑色素细胞到成体黑色素细胞的转变过程, 鱼体表面在翻转期出现成体黑色素细胞、在器官形成期出现红色素细胞, 眼睛及腹部在孵化期出现虹彩色素细胞。结合荧光定量PCR结果分析发现: 卵黄囊表面幼体黑色素细胞推测是外胚层中的神经嵴细胞直接发育而成, 不需要迁移过程; Ednrb、TYR、Tbx2b基因对幼体黑色素细胞的形成和发育有重要作用, Pax3、Dct、Aim1基因与成体黑色素细胞的分化、迁移、形成过程密切相关; 其中TYR基因的相对表达量在体节期出现显著增加, 说明TYR基因在胚胎发育初期就参与黑色素细胞的形成; Tbx2b基因不仅对黑色素细胞形成有影响, 对眼斑双锯鱼心脏的形成也有一定作用; Fms基因对红色素细胞形成有重要作用; Ltk基因的表达要早于虹彩色素细胞的出现; 相关性分析发现各基因之间存在相互作用。     

黔阳地区农业地质背景与农业优势区分析

为了扩大区域地质调查成果的服务领域，通过地层岩石、地质构造、地貌、水文地质、地球化学背景及气候等因素的综合分析，结合农、林、果、药作物及畜牧渔业的生产状况，将黔阳地区划分为：橙桔机、优质稻、林、林桔橙、板栗林、林茶7个优势区。对合理调整农业生产结构，建设名优特农产品基地等具有重要作用。     

大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)家系选育 F2 早期选择反应和现实遗传力估计

为了评估大菱鲆选育F2的早期育种效果,采用3种方法,即,Ⅰ:比较F2选择系和对照系的最小二乘均值,Ⅱ:比较连续2代(F1和F2)选择系目标性状间的育种值,Ⅲ:比较F2选择系和对照系的育种值,估测了6月龄大菱鲆体重的选择反应,并进而分析了现实遗传力和遗传增益。结果表明,3种方法的选择反应估测值存在一定差异,其相应估测的现实遗传力和遗传增益也不相同;3种方法估测选择反应、现实遗传力和遗传获得的均值分别为3.1983±0.5880、0.2941±0.0531和8.70±1.60,显示出足够大的早期选择反应、中等的现实遗传力和较低的遗传获得,预示利用家系选育对大菱鲆进行遗传改良能够取得良好的育种成效,同时,这些群体还有很大的遗传改良潜力。     

Functional morphology of the olfactory organ of the tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis

The morphology and structure of the olfactory organ of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther are described. The oval olfactory sacs on both sides differ in size and in the number of lamellae, with those on the abocular side having smaller sacs and fewer lamellae than those on the ocular side. On the ocular side, the average ratio of sac length to eye diameter is 2.1 (i.e.>1) with an average of 91 lamellae, while on the abocular side, the values were 1.7 (i.e.>1) and 69, respectively. In addition, the surface morphology varies in different parts of the lamella. The frontal part, near the anterior nostril, is a non-sensory margin with cilia-free epidermal cells. Within this is an internal ciliated sensory area, which is intercalated with ciliated receptor cells and a few ciliated non-sensory cells. Additionally, some dense ciliated non-sensory cells make up a non-sensory area, which also contains cilia-free epidermal cells distributed in patches. In the rear of the olfactory sac near the posterior nostril, the lamellae differ in morphology from those of the frontal olfactory sac but are similar in having few ciliated receptor cells. In other words, the surface of the lamellae in the rear part of the olfactory sac is mainly non-sensory. At present, four types of lamellae (I, II, III and IV) have been recognized in relation to the pattern of the sensory epithelium. In this study, the frontal and rear lamellae resembled types I and IV, respectively, but are referred to as types I′ and IV′ because they are slightly less developed. Data on the ratio of length of lamellae to eye diameter, number of lamellae and the type of surface pattern of the lamellae show that the development of the olfactory system of C. semilaevis facilitates prey capture.