俄罗斯地质生态制图概况

国际地质填图的重大发展本世纪80年代后期以来,世界各地质大国在地质填图方面均出现了突破性进展,纷纷制订全国性大型计划,以全新的姿态投入到新一代地质填图工作中.这种突破性进展集中体现在:1)指导思想发生重大变化;2)建立全国统一的组织管理机构;3)新填(制)图技术工艺手段的应用.其中最突出的特点是扩大地质图件的功能,使其服务于国民经济更广泛的领域.     

劲性搅拌桩芯桩荷载传递规律理论研究

劲性搅拌桩是一种典型的复合材料桩,基于复合材料力学原理及明德林位移解,对劲性搅拌桩中芯桩轴向应力、水泥土桩-芯桩界面剪应力进行理论分析,得到了劲性搅拌桩芯桩轴向应力、界面剪应力的分布规律,并与现场试验结果进行对比分析,结果表明：该理论分析结果与现场试验结果规律是一致的,可与试验结果互为验证,对于分析劲性搅拌桩的工作机制具有一定的理论价值。     

Design and Test of 1/5th Scale Horizontal Axis Tidal Current Turbine

Tidal current energy is prominent and renewable. Great progress has been made in the exploitation technology of tidal current energy all over the world in recent years, and the large scale device has become the trend of tidal current turbine (TCT) for its economies. Instead of the similarity to the wind turbine, the tidal turbine has the characteristics of high hydrodynamic efficiency, big thrust, reliable sealing system, tight power transmission structure, etc. In this paper, a 1/5th scale horizontal axis tidal current turbine has been designed, manufactured and tested before the full scale device design. Firstly, the three-blade horizontal axis rotor was designed based on traditional blade element momentum theory and its hydrodynamic performance was predicted in numerical model. Then the power train system and stand-alone electrical control unit of tidal current turbine, whose performances were accessed through the bench test carried out in workshop, were designed and presented. Finally, offshore tests were carried out and the power performance of the rotor was obtained and compared with the published literatures, and the results showed that the power coefficient was satisfactory, which agrees with the theoretical predictions.     

第二届海峡两岸科技博物馆学术研讨会在大连召开

由中国自然科学博物馆协会主办的第二届海峡两岸科技博物馆学术研讨会于 2 0 0 2年 8月 13日至 15日在北方明珠———大连召开。这次研讨会的主题是 :2 1世纪科技博物馆的创新与发展。出席研讨会的代表共 110名 ,分别来自全国各省市、县及台湾的科技馆、博物馆 ,其中台湾代表 1     

谈高中地理新教材的国情教育

地理国情教育是通过地理教学使学生了解我国人口、资源、环境、民族、经济等方面的基本情况,形成可持续发展的观念,培养学生热爱祖国的道德情感和报效祖国的意志品质。正在试验使用的人教版高中地理新教材,在国情教育方面具有显著的特点。在地理教学过程中要针对这些特点-采用正确的方法有的放矢地进行,使地理国情教育达到一个新的高度。     

中国省域间生态地租分异特征及其影响因素(英文)

Ecological land rent is the excess profit produced by resource scarcity, and is also an important indicator for measuring the social and economic effects of resource scarcity. This paper, by calculating the respective ecological land rents of all the provinces in China for the years 2002 and 2007, and with the assistance of the software programs ArcGIS and GeoDA, analyzes the spatial differentiation characteristics of ecological land rent; then, the influencing factors of ecological land rent differentiation among the provinces are examined using the methods of traditional regression and spatial correlation analysis. The following results were obtained: First, ecological land rent per unit of output in China shows stable distribution characteristics of being low in the southwestern and northeastern provinces, and high in Hebei and Henan provinces. There is also an increasing tendency in the central and western provinces, and a decreasing one in the eastern provinces. In general, the spatial distribution of ecological land rent per unit of output in China is quite scattered. Second, the total ecological land rent shows significant spatial aggregation characteristics, in particular the provinces in China possessing high total amounts of ecological land rent tend to be adjacent to one another, as do those with low total amounts, and the spatial difference characteristics of the eastern, central and western provinces are distinguished. The Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta are shown to be highly clustering regions of total ecological land rent, while the western provinces have very low ecological land rent in terms of total amount. Third, population distribution, economic level and industrial structure were all important influencing factors influencing ecological land rent differentiation among provinces in China. Furthermore, population density, urbanization level, economic density, per capita consumption level and GDP per capita were all shown to be positively related to total ecological land rent, which indicates that spatial clustering exists between ecological land rent and these factors. However, there was also a negative correlation between ecological land rent and agricultural output percentage, indicating that spatial scattering exists between ecological land rent and agricultural output percentage.     

黔桂地区深水相二叠系-三叠系界线附近黏土岩研究

对贵州断杉、纳水以及广西柳桥3条深水相剖面上的二叠系-三叠系界线附近黏土岩的研究结果表明,在断杉、柳桥剖面黏土岩中的黏土矿物主要由伊-蒙混层、蒙脱石和高岭石组成,碎屑物质中存在六方双锥石英、锆石等与火山活动有关的矿物;在纳水剖面黏土岩中未发现与火山活动有关的迹象.由此可知华南大部分地区在晚二叠世曾受强烈的火山作用影响,但也有少部分深水相地区未受影响或影响很小.同是深水相P-T界线剖面附近的黏土岩以及同一剖面不同层位的黏土岩中的黏土矿物和碎屑物质存在较大的差异,其原因可能是与火山作用的强弱、离火山活动中心的远近以及所处地理位置有关.     

浅谈不同地质构造对煤与瓦斯突出的控制

地质构造对煤与瓦斯突出的控制通过对地应力的分布、瓦斯的保存以及软分层的发育而表现出来。压性构造有利于高地应力的生成、瓦斯的保存以及软分层的发育,从而有利于煤与瓦斯突出的发生;而张性构造则不利于煤与瓦斯突出的发生。此外,煤层围岩性质、煤层厚度和倾角对煤与瓦斯突出的发生也起到了一定的控制作用。