方兴未艾的天文卫星

天文卫星的问世使天文学产生了第三次飞跃,它把天文台搬到太空,从而改变了以往坐地观地、坐地观天的传统,摆脱了大气层的封锁,可在全波段范围内对宇宙进行详细的观测。从本期开始,我们将陆续刊登几篇这方面的科普文章,以飨读者。     

基于GIS的耕地改良利用分区研究——以山东章丘市为例

以山东章丘市为研究区,运用GIS技术,在确定耕地改良利用分区因子和标准的前提下,对区域内全部耕地状况及其障碍因素进行定量分析,划分耕地改良利用类型区.按照因地制宜、因土适用的原则,提出相应的改良利用措施,旨在摸清研究区域耕地改良利用因素的现状水平及制约耕地利用的障碍性因素,进一步提高其高产田的生产能力,挖掘中低产田的生产潜力,探索耕地改良利用的新思路和新方法,为其它区域耕地资源的科学管理和可持续利用提供指导和借鉴作用.     

坝后淤积条件下泥石流冲击拦挡坝动力响应研究

拦挡坝有效库容和泥石流冲击力是泥石流实体拦挡坝设计的重要指标,现有实体拦挡坝在泥石流反复冲击作用下淤积甚至填满,会对坝体调控能力产生重要影响.为此,基于理论分析和物理模型试验,开展坝后淤积条件下泥石流冲击实体拦挡坝动力响应研究,推导坝后淤积条件下泥石流速度衰减率、坝体拦挡率的无量纲计算公式,并建立考虑空间分布特性的坝后淤积条件下泥石流冲击力计算模型.结果表明：泥石流速度衰减率和坝体拦挡率与淤积体高度/淤积长度比值和泥石流相对容重呈正相关;泥石流冲击力静动荷载组合计算模型能较好反映坝后淤积条件下泥石流冲击力的组成和分布特征.上述研究可为泥石流实体拦挡坝工程设计提供理论及技术支持.     

中尺度涡影响下的南海西部活性铝分布

To understand the distribution of aluminum(Al) under the influence of mesocale eddies in the western South China Sea(SCS), sea level anomaly, geostrophic current, environmental parameters and reactive Al were investigated in the western SCS in August 2013. The highest reactive Al concentration((180±64) nmol/L) was observed in the surface waters, indicating a substantial atmospheric input. Vertically, the reactive Al decreased from the surface high concentration to the subsurface minima at the depth of chlorophyll a(Chl a) maxima and then increased again with depth at most of the stations. The average concentration of reactive Al in the upper 100 m water column was significantly lower in the cyclonic eddy((137±6) nmol/L) as compared with that in the noneddy waters((180±21) nmol/L). By contrast, the average concentrations of Chl a and silicate in the upper 100 m water column were higher in the cyclonic eddy and lower in the anticyclonic eddy. There was a significant negative correlation between the average concentrations of reactive Al and Chl a in the upper 100 m water column. The vertical distribution of reactive Al and the negative correlation between reactive Al and Chl a both suggest that the reactive Al in the upper water column was significantly influenced by biological removal processes. Our results indicate that mesoscale eddies could regulate the distribution of reactive Al by influencing the primary production and phytoplankton community structure in the western SCS.     

碎屑流冲击下的桥墩动力响应特征分析

碎屑流以其高动能和强大的破坏力被视为我国西南片区最危险的地质灾害之一,它不仅对人民群众的生命财产造成极大的危害,并且威胁到桥梁、铁路等国家的基础设施建设。本文就碎屑流冲击条件下的桥墩为研究对象,以两种不同形状的桥墩(圆柱桥墩、矩形桥墩)以及桥墩离碎屑流的物源区距离为研究条件,以离散元方法为研究手段,着重研究了碎屑流冲击桥墩时候的动力响应情况。结果表明:在相同规模以及相同距离的碎屑流条件下,圆柱形桥墩所受的瞬时冲击力的法向应力要小于矩形桥墩,切向应力则大于矩形桥墩,其所受最大冲击力以及平均冲击力都小于矩形桥墩,并且给出了物源区距离对桥墩所受冲击力的影响。研究结果对实际防灾工程有一定的指导意义。     

Trace metal anomalies in bleached <Emphasis Type="Italic">Porites</Emphasis> coral at Meiji Reef,tropical South China Sea

Coral bleaching has generally been recognized as the main reason for tropical coral reef degradation, but there are few long-term records of coral bleaching events. In this study, trace metals including chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), and yttrium (Y), were analyzed in two Porites corals collected from Meiji Reef in the tropical South China Sea (SCS) to assess differences in trace metal concentrations in bleached compared with unbleached coral growth bands. Ti, V, Cr, and Mo generally showed irregular fluctuations in both corals. Bleached layers contained high concentrations of Mn, Cu, Sn, and Pb. Unbleached layers showed moderately high concentrations of Mn and Cu only. The different distribution of trace metals in Porites may be attributable to different selectivity on the basis of vital utility or toxicity. Ti, V, Cr, and Mo are discriminated against by both coral polyps and zooxanthellae, but Mn, Cu, Sn, and Pb are accumulated by zooxanthellae and only Mn and Cu are accumulated by polyps as essential elements. The marked increase in Cu, Mn, Pb, and Sn are associated with bleaching processes, including mucus secretion, tissue retraction, and zooxanthellae expulsion and occlusion. Variation in these trace elements within the coral skeleton can be used as potential tracers of short-lived bleaching events.     

“土地整理项目就是好”

三月底,一场春雨过后,鲁山县马楼乡娘娘庙村王老汉望着田地里绿油油的麦苗高兴地说：“今年又是丰收年啊。还是土地整理项目就是好。”王老汉说的是鲁山县马楼乡省级土地整理项目。     

GIS支持下的黄河口近期淤,蚀动态研究

以遥感和地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）技术研究了黄河口１９８６年５月至１９９６年１０月淤积与侵蚀面积的变化及其空间动态,结果显示：黄河口１９９０年１月以前淤积为主,而１９９０年１月以后则以侵蚀为主,河口向渤海推进的速率也呈明显降低的趋势,侵蚀主要发生于河口北部和西南部,淤积的主要部位是河口嘴部及其南部。     

淀山湖不同季节营养盐含量与藻类群落的相互关系

于2009年1月至12月对淀山湖浮游藻类生物量及水体中N、P营养元素含量进行连续监测,并利用典范对应分析(CCA)对浮游藻类种类分布与环境营养因子间的相关性进行研究.结果表明:淀山湖全年藻类生物量呈现两次大规模增长时期,分别为春季的4月份(以绿藻为主)和初秋的8月份(以蓝藻为主),其中春季藻类群落最大生物量(39.68...     

打错电话找对人

7月10日晚7时许,刚从矿山上巡查归来,还没来得及吃饭的陕县宫前国土资源中心所监察员小任的手机又响了.他不由一阵紧张,心里暗想,十有八九又是一起宅基地水路、通道引纷求援电话,看来今晚的安生觉又不能睡了!