乌鲁木齐天文站在月球探测同波束干涉测量中的作用

首先简要介绍同波束干涉测量技术,随后叙述中国科学院国家天文台乌鲁木齐天文站在2008年成功完成了约200 h日本月球卫星SELENE同波束较差甚长基线干涉测量,并阐述乌站在此次VLBI中的作用。给出利用SELENE的观测数据,分析、解算出乌站25 m天线与日本VERA网相关台站基线Rstar、Vstar的S1、S2、S3、X频段的较差相关相位、较差相关相位残差,以及对各频段的较差相关相位、较差相关相位残差比对,最后获得较差相位时延。结果显示,同波束甚长基线干涉测量比传统VLBI观测得到的群时延精度提高了1～2个量级。     

阿克苏地区的一种特殊地质现象

在新疆阿克苏柯坪—巴楚314国道路碑标记1 145.5 km处二号硫磺沟发现了一种现代的特殊地质现象:这种现象的构造形态主要呈圆台状,其上部是块状灰岩或胶结程度较高的泥砾,下部由地层风化剥蚀物组成,它们像是从地面长出来的竹笋,所以就把这种特殊的地质现象称为泥笋。到目前为止,在该地区还没有人报道过这种现象。它是一种有成因和演变意义的地质现象。通过对其形成条件及过程的研究得出这种特殊地质现象的发育环境是水文过程和气候演变的记录。所以,对它们的研究,对研究当地现代气候具有一定意义。     

脉冲星星际闪烁的研究进展

综述了脉冲星星际闪烁观测研究的进展，对脉冲星星际闪烁现象，星际介质中电子密度涨落谱，散射等离子体在银河系中的分面等方面的最新研究结果作了介绍。星际闪烁现象和昨际介质的深入理解，使脉冲星星际闪烁已成为研究诸如脉冲星辐射区结构和脉冲星速度等脉冲星本身性质的重要工具。     

Comparison of three filters in asteroid-based autonomous navigation

At present,optical autonomous navigation has become a key technology in deep space exploration programs.Recent studies focus on the problem of orbit determination using autonomous navigation,and the choice of filter is one of the main issues.To prepare for a possible exploration mission to Mars,the primary emphasis of this paper is to evaluate the capability of three filters,the extended Kalman filter(EKF),unscented Kalman filter(UKF) and weighted least-squares(WLS) algorithm,which have different initial states during the cruise phase.One initial state is assumed to have high accuracy with the support of ground tracking when autonomous navigation is operating; for the other state,errors are set to be large without this support.In addition,the method of selecting asteroids that can be used for navigation from known lists of asteroids to form a sequence is also presented in this study.The simulation results show that WLS and UKF should be the first choice for optical autonomous navigation during the cruise phase to Mars.     

Variability and Risk Analysis of Hong Kong Air Quality Based on Monsoon and El Nino Conditions

This study presents an exploratory analysis aimed at improving understanding of the variability of Hong Kong air quality associated with different climate conditions. Significantly negative correlations were found when Nino 3 led particulate matter ≤10 μm PM₁₀) and NO₂ by 2--3 months over the Hong Kong territory, while the other pollutants (e.g., O₃, SO₂) showed modest correlations. A significant decreasing trend in visibility was observed during the autumn and winter, which has potential implications for the air-quality degradation and the endangerment of human health in Hong Kong. In an El Nino summer, the visibility was relatively better, while visibility in other seasons was diminished. On the other hand, in La Nina events, significant changes occurred in visibility in winter and autumn. Air pollution indices were less sensitive to the South China Summer Monsoon (SCSM), but a relatively high correlation existed between the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) and air pollutants. Rainfall was lower during most of the strong EAWM years compared to the weak years. This result suggests that the pollutants that accumulate in Hong Kong are not easy to wash out, so concentrations remain at a higher level. Finally, based on the conditional Air Pollution Index (API) risk assessment, site-specific vulnerabilities were analyzed to facilitate the development of the air-quality warning systems in Hong Kong.     

基于WebGIS的给水管线爆管关阀研究

针对目前给水管线发生爆管事故后的信息上报不及时、关阀响应慢等问题,设计了基于流向的管网数据模型和几何网络模型,利用WebGIS技术,建立了爆管事故关阀及影响区域分析B/S架构系统。实验表明,在爆管事故发生后,该系统能准确地分析爆管信息,实现快速关阀,有效提高爆管事故后的响应速度,降低爆管事故造成的经济损失,提高供水企业的现代化管理水平。     

吐格尔明背斜核部片岩的年代学与构造意义

盆地基底是制约盆地形成演化与构造变形的关键因素之一,研究盆地基底是剖析盆地构造特征的重要途径。塔里木盆地北部处于负磁异常区,推测其基底为变质沉积岩。本文对这一推断利用塔里木盆地北部库车坳陷吐格尔明背斜核部出露的元古宙片岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究。研究表明,片岩中锆石的206Pb/238U年龄集中在(775.3±5.8)Ma～(787.1±6.8)Ma,表明它们形成于新元古代早期,代表约800 Ma发生的晋宁运动,这一构造事件形成了塔里木盆地北部的基底。片岩SiO2含量大于70%,长英质组分含量高,Al2O3、K2O富集;稀土元素总量(ΣREE)平均为166×10-6,稀土元素配分曲线呈微右倾型,具有弱的负Eu异常;高场强元素Ta、Nb、Ti等具有负异常,大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba等具有正异常。通过原岩恢复,判断该变质岩是一套由石英砂岩类变质形成的副变质岩。这与塔北航磁负异常特征吻合,这种性质的基底强度较小,在后期表现出构造沉降幅度大与构造变形强烈。     

储层中蒙脱石碱溶相变缩膨实验研究

蒙脱石作为常见的粘土矿物,广泛存在于含油气盆地中。针对由于蒙脱石具有强烈亲水性,遇水体积可膨胀至原体积的数倍甚至数十倍,从而造成油气储层的水敏损害这一实际问题,对蒙脱石在强碱条件下发生结构变化与物相转变,实现降低其亲水性进行了详细的实验研究。探讨了天然钙基蒙脱石与天然钠基蒙脱石在80℃,1 mol/L KOH溶液中所发生的相变过程;通过XRD、SEM、TEM等测试手段分析查明其碱溶相变最终产物主要是微米级纤维状、柱状、颗粒状的菱沸石和麦钾沸石,均为不具膨胀性的架状硅酸盐矿物;最后通过自由膨胀实验证实蒙脱石碱溶产物膨胀性较原矿物显著降低。研究成果为转化油气盆地中"水敏性"粘土矿物,降低油气储层水敏损害,保护储层与提高采收率,提供了新的思路。     

西藏尕尔穷铜金矿花岗岩类形成的地球动力学机制探讨

1岩体地质特征区内岩浆活动频繁,燕山晚期的中性-中酸性侵入岩分布较广,出露面积约占矿区面积的50%。侵入体有以闪长玢岩(δμ53)、石英闪长岩(δo53)、花岗闪长岩(γδ53)、花岗闪长斑岩(γδπ53)、花岗斑岩(γπ53)、细晶岩(Z53)等为主的一套钙碱性系列中性-中酸性复式杂岩,并显示出侵入活动的多期、多阶段性。     

西藏甲玛S型花岗岩结晶分异作用及成矿潜力评价

甲玛矿区的岩浆岩为二长花岗斑岩、花岗闪长斑岩、(石英)闪长玢岩和花岗斑岩,是两种不同的岩石演化序列。花岗斑岩的斜长石矿物为偏酸性的斜长石,副矿物中具有钛铁矿,K2O/Na2O值较低,显示了S型花岗岩的特征。花岗斑岩是壳源熔融产生,在其演化的过程中,结晶分异起着主导作用。通过S型花岗岩的地质特征以及化学元素的定量模型的变化趋势来研究甲玛花岗斑岩的演化序列,体现结晶分异作用的特征及成矿机理。通过分析甲玛花岗斑岩地质特征、地球化学特征及结晶分异作用对花岗斑岩的成矿机理,得出甲玛矿区具有W、Sn矿的形成