重庆主城区浅层地温能资源量评价研究

基于重庆地区浅层地温能的调查和主城区浅层地温能适宜性分区评价结果,结合校正后的岩土热物性数值,进行了重庆主城区浅层地温能资源量评价,包括适宜区浅层地温能热容量和可利用资源量统计,并得到了重庆市主城九区浅层地温能的资源量分布情况,从而有效评价了重庆主城区地下浅部空间热能的调蓄能力,为开发与保护浅层地温能资源提供了可靠依据.     

滁州地区土壤地球化学基准值与背景值研究

基于滁州地区多目标区域地球化学调查数据资料,统计获得了表、深层土壤地球化学基准值、背景值及相关的地球化学参数。研究表明：成土母质类型对土壤元素地球化学基准值影响显著,表层土壤元素含量相对于深层土壤既有继承性,又有差异性。在不同的土壤层的一些元素含量明显不同。土壤的形成过程和人类活动已经对土壤中元素含量的分布有显著的影响。因此,土壤地球化学基准值与背景值研究中应多考虑地质背景、物质来源等因素的影响,     

1979年帝王谷地震速度脉冲型地震动的识别和初步讨论

以1979年MW6.5帝王谷地震为例,比较了小波变换法、峰点法(PPM)和零点法(ZVPM)识别近断层速度脉冲型强震记录的能力,三种方法识别出的脉冲峰值基本一致,脉冲周期略有差别.为分析速度脉冲的产生机制,包括产生时间、位置以及凹凸体的影响,借助频率-波数域格林函数法(FK法)合成近断层宽频带地震动,采用峰点法逐步识别...     

香港国家地质公园粮船湾组火山岩岩石学研究

在香港国家地质公园西贡火山岩园区,核心地质景观是白垩纪粮船湾组(Kkh)火山岩优美的六方形石柱(柱状节理),它们的岩石类型长期存在熔岩和火山碎屑岩之争。笔者等经野外调查和薄片岩石学研究,确认粮船湾组火山岩实属一种特殊的熔岩——流纹质碎斑熔岩,以普遍的柱状节理、斑晶具有碎斑结构和珠边结构、基质发育霏细结构和流动构造为特征;它们不仅代表了香港地区中生代最晚期火山喷发的产物,而且构成了西贡破火山机构的中央侵出相岩穹。推断粮船湾组火山岩石柱是地球上已知面积最大的流纹质碎斑熔岩石柱群(～150 km2),目前所见的火山岩石柱仅是长期剥蚀后的残余部分。     

土壤氯化钠含量高光谱估算模型研究

基于光谱反射率快速、无损的检测优势,以于田地区不同氯化钠含量土壤光谱反射率作为信息源,探讨利用反射光谱估算土壤氯化钠含量的可行性。于2012年7月对于田地区进行野外调查,在测定土壤光谱反射率及氯化钠含量的基础上,对光谱反射率数据进行预处理并建立了逐步多元线性回归(SMLR)模型和偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)模型,并利用决定系数R2和均方根误差RMSE对模型稳定性和预测能力进行检验,进而比较不同预处理方法和不同模型估算结果的适用性。结果表明:反射率二阶微分光谱是预测土壤样本氯化钠含量的最佳光谱指标;偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)模型是建立土壤光谱与氯化钠含量关系的最优模型,R2和RMSE分别为0.812和0.105。利用反射光谱估算土壤氯化钠含量,通过各种光谱预处理方法提高估算精度,可实现在区域尺度上的土壤盐渍化监测和评价。     

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丹霞神韵·降龙寨探“人字天书——广西资源国家地质公园

正"丹霞之魂"的魅力,很多人的感觉是只可意会而难以言传。据说在丹霞美景密集而奇异的八角寨景区中的降龙寨,有一个大写的"人"字,那是大自然的一份"天书",似乎在诠释一线天机。"天书"给人们以什么启示?让我们一起走进降龙寨,去探寻丹霞"天书"。层理和剖面:古生物化石稀少     

中国城市扩展对气温观测的影响及其高估程度(英文)

Since the implementation of the reform and opening up policy in China in the late 1970s, some meteorological stations ’entered’ cities passively due to urban expansion. Changes in the surface and built environment around the stations have influenced observations of air temperature. When the observational data from urban stations are applied in the interpolation of national or regional scale air temperature dataset, they could lead to overestimation of regional air temperature and inaccurate assessment of warming. In this study, the underlying surface surrounding 756 meteorological stations across China was identified based on remote sensing images over a number of time intervals to distinguish the rural stations that ’entered’ into cities. Then, after removing the observational data from these stations which have been influenced by urban expansion, a dataset of background air temperatures was generated by interpolating the observational data from the remaining rural stations. The mean urban heat island effect intensity since 1970 was estimated by comparing the original observational records from urban stations with the background air temperature interpolated. The result shows that urban heat island effect does occur due to urban expansion, with a higher intensity in winter than in other seasons. Then the overestimation of regional air temperature is evaluated by comparing the two kinds of grid datasets of air temperature which are respectively interpolated by all stations’ and rural stations’ observational data. Spatially, the overestimation is relatively higher in eastern China than in the central part of China; however, both areas exhibit a much higher effect than is observed in western China. We concluded that in the last 40 years the mean temperature in China increased by about 1.58℃, of which about 0.01℃ was attributed to urban expansion, with a contribution of up to 0.09℃ in the core areas from the overestimation of air temperature.