Impacts of Future NOx and CO Emissions on Regional Chemistry and Climate over Eastern China

A coupled chemical/dynamical model (SOCOL-SOlar Climate Ozone Links) is applied to study the impacts of future enhanced CO and NOx emissions over eastern China on regional chemistry and climate. The result shows that the increase of CO and NOx emissions has significant effects on regional chemistry, including NOx, CO, O₃, and OH concentrations. During winter, the CO concentration is uniformly increased in the northern hemisphere by about 10 ppbv. During summer, the increase of CO has a regional distribution. The change in O₃, concentrations near eastern China has both strong seasonal and spatial variations. During winter, the surface O₃, concentrations decrease by about 2 ppbv, while during summer they increase by about 2 ppbv in eastern China. The changes of CO, NOx, and O₃, induce important impacts on OH concentrations. The changes in chemistry, especially O₃, induce important effects on regional climate. The analysis suggests that during winter, the surface temperature decreases and air pressure increases in central-eastern China. The changes of temperature and pressure produce decreases in vertical velocity. We should mention that the model resolution is coarse, and the calculated concentrations are generally underestimated when they are compared to measured results. However, because this model is a coupled dynamical/chemical model, it can provide some useful insights regarding the climate impacts due to changes in air pollutant emissions.     

The pattern,evolution, and mechanism of venture capital flows in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,China

As an important innovation flow, venture capital has been examined in urban network research. However, the segmentation of capital categories and the cross-scale connection of capital remain scarcely analyzed. This study focuses on the structure and industry differentiation of venture capital flows in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA) and its cross-scale network characteristics. Based on a venture capital database covering capital amount, investment subject address information,...     

The impact of economic development on urban livability: Evidence from 40 large and medium-sized cities of China

Under the background that economy and urbanization of China are gradually entering the stage of high-quality development, clarifying the influence of economic development on urban livability is of significant academic and practical value. In this paper, regarded as one “factor”, livability was introduced into the research framework of production function,and a theoretical model of the impact of economic development on urban livability was established. Based on the panel data of 40 cities in Chin...     

Effect of Temperature on the Release of Transparent Exopolymer Particles(TEP) and Aggregation by Marine Diatoms(Thalassiosira weissflogii and Skeletonema marinoi)

The presence of diatoms is accompanied by the production of a large amount of extracellular polymeric substances,which are mainly composed of carbohydrates.Transparent exopolymer particles(TEP)are a large class of extracellular polymeric substances with high stickiness that promotes the formation of aggregates and marine snow,which affects marine bio-carbon pump efficiency.The purpose of this research was to determine how temperature increases affect the allocation of cellular carbohydrates and the formation and aggregation of TEP.The results showed that the responses of two different diatom species(Thalassiosira weissflogii and Skeletonema marinoi)differed according to temperature.The cell density and chlorophyll a concentration of the former were not significantly correlated with temperature,while those of the latter were significantly decreased with increasing temperature.This indicates that the two species of diatom may have different heat tolerance ranges.A temperature increase will promote significant formation of TEP by both types of diatoms,including aggregation of S.marinoi as the temperature rises,meaning that the high temperature will produce an aggregate with a larger particle size and thus may increase the sedimentation rate of organic carbon.Moreover,the TEP aggregation of T.weissflogii did not increase;therefore,its particle size was smaller,and so it may remain on the sea surface at high temperatures for longer periods.These influences have a profound impact on the biogeochemical cycling of carbon.     

Road Surface Modeling and Representation from Point Cloud Based on Fuzzy Clustering

A scheme for an automatic road surface modeling from a noisy point cloud is presented. The normal vectors of the point cloud are estimated by distance-weighted fitting of local plane. Then, an automati...     

Historical Evidence for the Birth of the Newly Discovered Pulsar PSR J1833-1034

Stimulated by the recent discovery of PSR J1833-1034 in SNR G21.5-0.9 and its age parameters presented by two groups of discovery, we demonstrate that the PSR J1833-1034 was born 2053 years ago from a supernova explosion, the BC 48 guest star observed in the Western Han (Early Han) Dynasty by ancient Chinese. Based on a detailed analysis of the Chinese ancient record of the BC 48 guest star and the new detected physical parameters of PSR J1833-1034, agreements on the visual position, age and distance between PSR J1833-1034 and the BC 48 guest star are obtained. The initial period P0 of PSR J1833-1034 is now derived from its historical and current observed data without any other extra assumption on P0 itself, except that the factor PP is a constant in its evolution until now.     

State of the art and practice of pavement anti-icing and de-icing techniques

Pavement snow and icing are worldwide problems, but effective countermeasures are just beginning to be developed in China. The two most common snow and ice removal methods are mechanical clearance and chemical melting, and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed here, including environmental and structural damage caused by corrosive snow melting agents. New developments in chemical melting agents and mechanical equipment are discussed, and an overview of alternative thermal melting systems is presented, including the use of geothermy and non-geothermal heating systems utilizing solar energy, electricity, conductive pavement materials, and infrared/microwave applications. Strategic recommendations are made for continued enhancement of public safety in snow and ice conditions.     

基于随机集合的非传统型有效波极值模型

The analysis and design of offshore structures necessitates the consideration of wave loads. Realistic modeling of wave loads is particularly important to ensure reliable performance of these structures. Among the available methods for the modeling of the extreme significant wave height on a statistical basis, the peak over threshold method has attracted most attention. This method employs Poisson process to character- ize time-varying properties in the parameters of an extreme value distribution. In this paper, the peak over threshold method is reviewed and extended to account for subjectivity in the modeling. The freedom in selecting the threshold and the time span to separate extremes from the original time series data is incorpo- rated as imprecision in the model. This leads to an extension from random variables to random sets in the probabilistic model for the extreme significant wave height. The extended model is also applied to different periods of the sampled data to evaluate the significance of the climatic conditions on the uncertainties of the parameters.     

Geology and Mineralization of the Gold Deposits in Southeastern Guizhou

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Geological Characteristics and Origin of the Hashitu Molybdenum Deposit, Inner Mongolia, China

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