南海西部深海平原SA14—34岩心浊流沉积特征

本文对位于南海西部深海平原的SAM-34岩心进行详细的沉积物组分研究，结果表明：该岩心岩性复杂多变，沉积了粘土、粉砂质粘土、砂质粘土、粘土质粉砂、砂质粉砂、砂和粉砂质砂等7种沉积物类型。浊流沉积发育，至少已识别出4个特征明显的浊流层。浊流层厚度为18～120cm，具有粒度较粗呈下粗上细、异地钙质微体生物化石丰富、陆源碎屑矿物含量高、SiO2／Al2O3比值和CaCO3含量高四大特点。并对浊流沉积的物质来源、成因进行了初步分析，认为浊积物主要来自西部陆架一陆坡区，有利的地形、丰富的物源和频繁的海底火山活动诱发的地震是浊流发生的主要原因。     

琼州海峡海底地层划分及工程地质特性

琼州海峡工程地质钻探表明，上新世以来的地层包括：全新世北尖组、更新世玄武岩、早更新世湛江组和上新世望楼港组。其中北尖组厚度不均；更新世的玄武岩及湛江组仅分布于琼州海峡两岸，海峡中部缺失；望楼港组分布广泛，以浅海沉积为主，主要为低液限粘土和粉土质砂。在海峡的滨岸－岸坡地段，地层较复杂，且随着离岸距离和水深的增大，上部地层缺失增多；谷坡－谷底地段，地层相对较单一。从上至下，地层的总体土工指标增大，承载力也增大。     

System dynamics of behaviour-evolutionary mix-game models

In real financial markets there are two kinds of traders: one is fundamentalist, and the other is a trend-follower. The mix-game model is proposed to mimic such phenomena. In a mix-game model there are two groups of agents: Group 1 plays the majority game and Group 2 plays the minority game. In this paper, we investigate such a case that some traders in real financial markets could change their investment behaviours by assigning the evolutionary abilities to agents: if the winning rates of agents are smaller than a threshold, they will join the other group; and agents will repeat such an evolution at certain time intervals. Through the simulations, we obtain the following findings: (i) the volatilities of systems increase with the increase of the number of agents in Group 1 and the times of behavioural changes of all agents; (ii) the performances of agents in both groups and the stabilities of systems become better if all agents take more time to observe their new investment behaviours; (iii) there are two-phase zones of market and non-market and two-phase zones of evolution and non-evolution; (iv) parameter configurations located within the cross areas between the zones of markets and the zones of evolution are suited for simulating the financial markets.     

耕地“红线”缘何屡遭横闯

尽管国家三令五申,实行最严格的耕地保护制度,出台了一个又一个重要文件,然而一些地方非法滥占耕地现象仍是愈演愈烈。在大量的违法用地案件中,有相当一部分是地方政府和相关部门所为。他们为何敢于屡闯耕地保护“红线”?记者调研发现,主要原因在于违法占地的“成本”太低,而“收益”却很高,完善现行法律势在必行。耕地“红线”变成了“弹簧线”按法律规定,省级以下的地方政府尤其是县、乡两级政府没有权力批准建设用地。但从已披露的一些土地违法案件来看,县、乡两级政府动辄就能把成百上千亩的土地批给用地单位或个人。近7年来,全国耕地减…     

基于空间自相关的湖北省耕地压力时空演变特征

借助耕地压力指数模型和空间自相关分析法定量测算了1999—2011年湖北省17个行政单元的耕地压力指数并分析了空间差异特征。结果表明:1999—2011年湖北省耕地压力呈弱倒"U"型,根据耕地压力指数的时序变化可将17个单元分为持续拉升区、和缓保持区、平稳下降区;1999—2011年的Moran’s I值表明湖北省耕地压力具有较明显的空间聚集特征,2001年Moran’s I值最高,2005年Moran’s I值最低;2011年17个单元的局部自相关指数表明湖北省各行政单元的耕地压力在空间上也具有一定的集聚或分异特征,尤其是以武汉市为中心形成了一个湖北省耕地压力的热点(高峰)地区。研究结果对制定湖北省区域空间发展战略、因地制宜地兼顾粮食安全和经济发展对土地的需求具有重要的参考意义。     

利用树轮资料重建通天河流域 518年径流量

利用长江源区曲麻莱、治多的树木年轮宽度资料,通过分析树木生长与流量变化的关系,重建了长江源区通天河流域直门达水文站1485年以来年径流量的变化,并进行了变化特征分析。结果表明:在重建的518年中,直门达水文站年径流量最显著的丰水期发生在19世纪前半叶,最显著的枯水期发生在17世纪的后半叶。特丰水年有96年,偏丰水年有117年,特枯水年有86年,偏枯水年有81年,正常水年有138年。重建序列存在43年、37年、32年、5年和2年左右的显著周期。     

南海东北部硫酸盐还原-甲烷厌氧氧化界面——海底强烈甲烷渗溢的记录

南海东北部沉积物顶空气甲烷含量较高,海底存在明显的甲烷渗溢现象。该海域6个沉积物岩心的孔隙水硫酸盐浓度和顶空气甲烷含量随深度变化而变化,出现明显的硫酸盐-甲烷互相消耗区域,硫酸盐和甲烷浓度均急剧下降。HD109、HD170、HD196A、HD200、HD319和GC10等6个岩心的硫酸盐还原-甲烷厌氧氧化界面(SMI)分别位于704、911、728、636、888、792cm处,完全落入全球水合物区富甲烷环境的SMI深度范围之内。强烈的甲烷渗溢过程使得硫酸盐-甲烷互相消耗作用加剧,并形成浅的SMI。浅的SMI显示了东北部存在强烈的甲烷渗溢活动以及强烈的甲烷厌氧氧化作用,具有天然气水合物成藏的典型特征。     

安徽蚌埠—五河地区与胶东地区金矿床成矿地质背景对比研究

在总结前人研究成果的基础上,对比研究了郯庐断裂带两侧的蚌埠—五河地区与胶东地区金矿床的成矿地质背景。研究认为,蚌埠—五河地区基底地层古元古宙五河杂岩Au丰度较高,但明显低于胶东地区太古宙胶东群;蚌埠—五河地区燕山期岩浆岩虽广泛发育,但岩浆作用及与之相关的郯庐断裂系发育程度和活动性均弱于胶东地区;蚌埠—五河地区岩浆岩成岩物质示踪表明岩浆主要来源于扬子克拉通下地壳,而胶东地区的成岩成矿作用因受深大断裂的影响而有深部幔源物质的广泛参与;蚌埠—五河地区控矿的主干断裂构造随着远离郯庐断裂带向西发育程度逐渐减弱,但胶东地区左行平移断裂系广泛发育且存在多期次活动。因此,安徽蚌埠—五河地区和胶东地区在基底地层、岩浆岩、壳幔作用及控矿断裂构造等方面差异明显,这可能是导致两侧金矿床成矿作用差异的主要原因。     

南海台西南盆地天然气水合物区沉积物的地球化学和微生物特征分析

The Taixinan Basin is one of the most potential gas hydrate bearing areas in the South China Sea and abundant gas hydrates have been discovered during expedition in 2013. In this study, geochemical and microbial methods are combinedly used to characterize the sediments from a shallow piston Core DH_CL_11(gas hydrate free) and a gas hydrate-bearing drilling Core GMGS2-16 in this basin. Geochemical analyses indicate that anaerobic oxidation of methane(AOM) which is speculated to be linked to the ongoing gas hydrate dissociation is taking place in Core DH_CL_11 at deep. For Core GMGS2-16, AOM related to past episodes of methane seepage are suggested to dominate during its diagenetic process; while the relatively enriched δ18O bulk-sediment values indicate that methane involved in AOM might be released from the "episodic dissociation" of gas hydrate.Microbial analyses indicate that the predominant phyla in the bacterial communities are Firmicutes and Proteobacteria(Gammaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria), while the dominant taxa in the archaeal communities are Marine_Benthic_Group_B(MBGB), Halobacteria, Thermoplasmata, Methanobacteria,Methanomicrobia, Group C3 and MCG. Under parallel experimental operations, comparable dominant members(Firmicutes and MBGB) are found in the piston Core DH_CL_11 and the near surface layer of the long drilling Core GMGS2-16. Moreover, these members have been found predominant in other known gas hydrate bearing cores, and the dominant of MBGB has even been found significantly related to gas hydrate occurrence. Therefore,a high possibility for the existing of gas hydrate underlying Core DH_CL_11 is inferred, which is consistent with the geochemical analyses. In all, combined geochemical and microbiological analyses are more informative in characterizing sediments from gas hydrate-associated areas in the South China Sea.