坡面径流冲刷及泥沙输移特征的试验研究

通过室内放水冲刷试验,对坡面细沟侵蚀发生的临界条件、细沟发展过程中的侵蚀产沙特征、以及影响细沟侵蚀产沙的因素进行了分析研究,得出了试验土条件下产生细沟的临界流量与坡面坡度的关系式.在分析产沙变化的基础上,探讨了细沟侵蚀量随径流量和坡面倾斜度的变化规律.     

“长沙星”说 “万里沙祠”说 “沙土地”说“长形的沙洲”说“蛮越语祭祀女神的地方”说——谈长沙地名的成因

长沙作为地名,最早见于《逸周书·王会篇》。他周书》又名倾冢周书》,传为晋太康二年（281年）得于汲郡（今河南汲县）战国时期的魏安厘王墓中,其成书至少在战国以前,虽然战国至秦汉时期篇章有所增变,但据历代学者考证其记载的史迹多有根据。“王会篇”记载了公元前11世纪周公营建雒邑竣工后,周成王大会诸侯,     

海南岛沙老岸礁区滨珊瑚氧、碳同位素对气候的记录

通过对海南岛沙老岸礁中正在连续生长的澄黄滨珊瑚骨骼进行氧，碳同位素的测定，对9年生长的珊瑚骨骼依次分析了352个样品，平均每旬有1－2个控制样品，以此来分析珊瑚生长期间的气候变化。首先分析出每年雨季和旱季的差别，得到雨季和旱季曲线的特征，并得出雨季在每年夏季，旱季在每年的秋冬季，表明海南岛礁区是典型的季风气候区。同时将珊瑚骨骼的氧同位素分析数值与相关记录的气温资料做比较，它们的相关系数为0．97和0．79，并得出以氧同位素分析数值求气温的公式。     

吉林省元古宇老岭群的同位素地质年代学研究

吉林省东部地处中朝准地台北部边缘地带,区内古老变质岩地层广泛分布。自下而上分为太古宇的鞍山群和元古宇的集安群、老岭群。该区同位素地质年代学研究程度较低。过去仅有一些零散的钾氩法表面年龄值,显然难以据此正确区分这些地层的沉积时限和变质作用期次。从1981年开始,我们在吉林省地质局和吉林省冶金局各有关地质队、所的大力协助下,采用多种测年手段综合对比的方法,在本区开展了比较系统的地     

Global snowmelt flood disasters and their impact from 1900 to 2020北大核心CSCD

Under the background of climate warming, the occurrence time, frequency, intensity, and impact of snowmelt flood disasters have changed significantly. Thus, establishing a global snowmelt flood disaster database is particularly important for disaster risk management. With the help of a web crawler, and based on multiple data sources such as natural disaster databases, documents, books, government agency websites, and news media, this study collected relevant information of snowmelt floods and mixed floods and established standards for identifying snowmelt flood events and their disaster impacts based on data from the different sources. Following the screening, sorting, fusion, and integration of snowmelt flood events, a global snowmelt flood disaster dataset containing 579 pieces of data with strong pertinence and reliability was constructed. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of global snowmelt flood disasters from 1900 to 2020 were preliminarily analyzed. The results showed that the snowmelt floods were mainly distributed between 30° N and 60° N, with more mixed floods south of 50° N and more snowmelt floods north of 50° N. Spring was the period of highest incidence of snowmelt flood disasters, followed by winter, summer, and autumn, respectively. The snowmelt floods that occurred in spring, autumn, and winter were mainly at 40°~50° N, and the snowmelt floods that occurred in summer were mainly at 30°~40° N. Compared with the snowmelt floods, the mixed floods were more frequent and more destructive, and their frequency increased with climate warming. The results provide a scientific basis for risk prevention and loss assessment of global snowmelt flood disasters. © 2022 Science Press (China).     

周向应力在地壳运动中的作用

地壳运动的驱动力一直存在争议。目前虽然提出了很多假说,但这些假说所描述的驱动力数量级均较小,不足以推动地壳运动;另外,大量实际地应力测量表明,水平主压应力在三个地应力分量中最大,被看作地壳“异常”压力,其机理也没有统一的认识。因此,有必要弄清楚地壳运动的动力来源是什么及为什么会出现这种水平应力占主导的现象。受背斜构造或石拱桥的侧向支撑的启发,通过地球模型受力分析得出,地壳作为球壳在自重下会相互挤压,在圆周方向产生很强的周向应力。周向应力大于重力,且由重力派生,和实测的地应力特征是一致的。推测该应力在20 km深处约为900 MPa,足以驱动板块运动(>500 MPa)。因软流圈是可流动的,其上面的岩石圈只要存在薄弱带,该应力就会释放,板块之间从而产生相对运动。整个洋壳和拱桥类似,在该力的作用下,会在俯冲带处下插至陆壳深部,俯冲带就是岩石圈的薄弱区,它因此会承担部分甚至全部洋壳的重量。最后提出,没有独立于重力的、可独立起作用的构造力或碰撞力,周向应力是地壳运动的唯一具有足够数量级的驱动力。     

东北法罗陆缘的大规模海底滑坡

东北法罗大陆边缘的高分辨率地震剖面显示中部和下部陆坡有大规模的滑塌和滑坡,它们对中新世,上新世和第四系的沉积产生一定的影响。上陆坡的重力流积有一部分被较新的沉积物所覆盖,据推测较新的沉积为等深流沉积。ＴＯＢＩ深海拖曳旁侧声级及深潜透声显示,上陆坡的滑塌复合体包手隐伏的滑动岩面,瓶颈滑坡,泥石流舌状体和一系列浅层滑坡。发生在中部和下部陆坡的滑坡似乎时代较新,显示为一形状不规则的陡立主滑动岩面和大型完