月和季节尺度区域气候模拟的对比分析

利用区域气候模式RegCM3分别进行了东亚夏季月尺度和季节尺度区域气候模拟试验,并将两种时间尺度试验的逐月模拟结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,不同初始场和不同时间尺度模拟降水量存在一定的不确定性,但模拟的降水分布格局和模拟时间尺度关系不大,其模拟结果主要取决于模式对区域内大气降水过程的描述能力。两种时间尺度模拟的月平均环流形势几乎一致,随着模拟时间延长,两种时间尺度模拟的月平均环流、温度和湿度之间的差别在模式内部区域有所增加。但两者没有出现本质差别,且两者之间的偏差不会随模拟时间尺度的延长而无限制增长,只在一定范围内波动。两种时间尺度模拟对7月份淮河流域降水集中期暴雨和高低空急流刻画差别不大,但两者对8月份东北降水集中期模拟差别稍明显一些,其差别主要表现在对低空急流的模拟上。     

红外超光谱资料(AIRS)反演“云娜”台风外围晴空大气温度廓线的研究

研究反演了2004年8月11日“云娜”台风附近晴空像元大气温度、臭氧廓线及表层温度、地表气压、地表比辐射率等参数,并与观测资料进行了对比验证。在研究了用高空间分辨率的MODIS成像仪的云检测信息来进行空间匹配,客观确定高光谱大气垂直探测器AIRS的云检测的基础上,用特征向量统计法反演的廓线作为物理反演法的初始猜值,然后利用牛顿非线性物理迭代法求解表层温度、表层气压、大气温度廓线和臭氧廓线等,并将反演结果与多种观测资料进行了对比验证。结果表明,反演得到的廓线水平分辨率可达到13.5 km（星下点）,垂直分辨率达到101层,反演误差较小,可以弥补高原、沙漠以及高原等地方常规观测资料的不足。     

局地海表温度异常影响热带气旋路径的模拟研究

本文以热带气旋"鲇鱼"(2010)为例,利用WRF模式和"鲇鱼"移动路径上不同的局地海表温度(SST)强迫进行了敏感性数值模拟。控制试验(CTRL)采用NCEP的SST强迫,敏感性试验分别在"鲇鱼"登陆菲律宾前的路径上增加(EXP1)和减小(EXP2)SST。结果表明:CTRL试验模拟的热带气旋路径与实况非常一致,EXP1试验模拟的热带气旋路径提前转向,移动路径偏东,EXP2试验模拟的热带气旋路径转向滞后,且移动路径偏西。对SST异常导致热带气旋路径出现差异的原因分析发现,热带气旋在吕宋岛东侧经过异常暖SST海面时,热带气旋强度增强,产生异常的正涡度平流,且500 h Pa以上凝结潜热释放增强副热带高压敏感区出现温度场的正异常,500h Pa以下水凝物的混合和蒸发作用增强造成副热带高压敏感区温度场的负异常,加之正的异常涡度平流和异常的上暖下冷温度场配置使得500 h Pa位势高度降低,副热带高压强度减弱,副热带高压西伸范围减小,导致热带气旋提前向北转向,移动路径偏东。反之,当热带气旋在吕宋岛东侧经过异常冷SST海面时,副热带高压西伸范围扩大,导致热带气旋向北转向滞后,路径偏西。     

The Effect of Intensity： Typhoon-Induced SST Cooling on Typhoon The Case of Typhoon Chanchu （2006）

In order to investigate air-sea interactions during the life cycle of typhoons and the quantificational effects of typhoon-induced SST cooling on typhoon intensity, a mesoscale coupled air-sea model is developed based on the non-hydrostatic mesoscale model MM5 and the regional ocean model POM, which is used to simulate the life cycle of Typhoon Chanchu （2006） from a tropical depression to a typhoon followed by a steady weakening. The results show that improved intensity prediction is achieved after considering typhoon-induced SST cooling; the trend of the typhoon intensity change simulated by the coupled model is consistent with observations. The weakening stage of Typhoon Chanchu from 1200 UTC 15 May to 1800 UTC 16 May can be well reproduced, and it is the typhoon-induced SST cooling that makes Chanchu weaken during this period. Analysis reveals that the typhoon-induced SST cooling reduces the sensible and latent heat fluxes from the ocean to the typhoon＇s vortex, especially in the inner-core region. In this study, the average total heat flux in the inner-core region of the typhoon decrease by 57.2%, whereas typhoon intensity weakens by 46%. It is shown that incorporation of the typhoon-induced cooling, with an average value of 2.17℃, causes a 46-hPa weakening of the typhoon, which is about 20 hPa per 1℃ change in SST.     

ZONALLY SYMMETRICAL EKMAN-CISK MECHANISM AND 30—60-DAY LOW FREQUENCY OSCILLATION NEAR THE EQUATOR

Based on the baroclinic semi-geostrophic model,the effects of zonally symmetrical Ekman-CISK mechanism on the characteristics of 30—60-day low frequency oscillation(LFO)near theequator are investigated.It is found that the theoretical results are in good agreement with theobservational features of LFO.Besides,the planetary-scale LFO with the period of 30—60 d couldbe triggered by the Ekman-CISK mechanism,and the growth rate of perturbation with wavenumber 1 is in order of O (10~(-6)s~(-1)).The zonal propagation of LFO and the correspondinglongitudinal-height structure of physical quantities are also discussed in detail.     

环台湾岛海域冬季水文要素的数值模拟

本文利用POM模式对环台湾岛海域冬季的水文要素进行了数值模拟,对有代表性的水平环流、温度场和上升流三个要素所进行的分析表明:模式再现了台湾岛东岸的高温高盐强流速区即黑潮,黑潮在冬季并无直接进入台湾海峡的分支存在;西岸的东北向流在冬季各个层次上都存在,台湾东北部的冷涡模拟与实况较为一致。温度场和上升流的分布与水平环流有很好的对应关系。本文还进一步验证了前人的一些研究成果,并对一些特殊物理现象的成因进行了定性解释。     

一次热带气旋过程对出梅影响的数值模拟研究

采用中尺度数值模式WRF对2001年江淮梅雨期热带气旋(Tropical Cyclone,TC)进行数值模拟,研究TC"飞燕"对梅雨结束过程的影响。结果表明,模式能够较好地模拟出"飞燕"的路径与强度演变,并能够较为精确地再现梅雨后期的降水强度和落区。对比分析消除"飞燕"影响的敏感性数值试验结果发现,"飞燕"影响梅雨的机制在于:随着其向东北向移动,西太平洋副热带高压北抬,东亚高、低空急流强度均有所减弱,低空切变辐合变弱,梅雨锋强度减弱,使得来自西南方向的水汽输送减少,造成假相当位温梯度和湿位涡倾斜项减小,垂直上升运动明显削弱,降水中断,导致梅雨结束。而消除"飞燕"影响后,梅雨后期降水仍然较多,梅雨期将有所延长。     

MECHANISM FOR THE SUSTAINING ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE TO WARM WINTERTIME SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALY IN THE KUROSHIO EXTENSION

Sensitivity experiments with atmospheric general circulation model CAM3 have been performed to investigate the atmospheric response to warm wintertime sea surface temperature anomalies in the Kuroshio Extension (KE). Mechanism for the sustaining abnormal atmospheric response to sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) is revealed. It is found that the warm wintertime SSTA in KE leads to soil moisture changes across the Asia continent. The abnormal soil moisture may possibly be one of the reasons for the sustaining of abnormal atmospheric response intrigued by SSTA. Oscillations of perturbations intrigued by warm wintertime SSTA in KE, which have similar frequencies with that of intrinsic atmospheric oscillations, are superposed on the atmospheric oscillations and propagate with primary periodic oscillation of the atmosphere. These SSTA-intrigued oscillations are coupled with natural atmospheric oscillation and finally become parts of it. This is probably another reason for the sustaining of abnormal atmospheric response to SSTA in KE.     

南海热带气旋引起的海表面温度变化特征分析

本文利用热带降雨测量卫星微波成像的微波遥感资料反演的高分辨率海表面温度(SST)资料,分别分析了南海4种典型热带气旋所引起的SST变化特征.结果表明,由于路径、移速和海面热力状况等方面的差异,这4种热带气旋在南海造成的海面降温具有不同的特征.热带气旋Imbudo(0308)属快速移动的西行路径型,在其路径的右侧造成了较大的降温区,降温中心离热带气旋中心约120km;热带气旋Chanchu(0601)为西行北翘型,在其路径两侧分别形成两个降温中心;打转型热带气旋很容易在其打转处形成降温中心,热带气旋Kai-Tak(0004)在海面造成了9.75°C的降温,在其打转处存在一个持续时间很长的冷涡;热带气旋Vongfong(0214)由于其左侧是南海西部夏季冷涡,混合层深度较浅,其作用使得冷涡加强,并在其路径的左侧造成大面积降温区.