Palaeoceanological significance of Holocene ostracean banks in Tianjin area

On the basis of the study of ostracean banks in Tianjin area, the present study recognized that the ostracean banks at Ninghe County in Tianjin area are well developed along the west coast of the Bohai Sea; they consist of thanato-coenose and taphocoenose from Crassistrea gigars and C. revularis. From the 14C datings it can be known that the banks had formed from early Middle-Holocene and continued up to over 2 ka BP (14C age). The top has different reliefs . Although there is an effect of spatial shift of estuary position, the top is only distributed in the range of-0. 50--2. 50 m(Huanghai elevation minus National elevation system). The banks cannot explain the sea-level fluctuation. As the string ostracean banks are distributed near E-W direction, it suggests that the direction of tidal currents was then similar to that of the present day.     

A GIS-based Tupu Analysis of Dynamics of Saline-alkali Land in Western Jilin Province

Based on Tupu theory, this paper studied the dynamic changes, conversion modes, expansion intensity and landscape attributes of the saline-alkali lands in Changling County, Zhenlai County and Da'an City of the western Jilin Province in 1980-2000 with the help of GIS. The results show that the saline-alkali land rather sharply increased in Da'an during 1995-2000; the main conversion processes in the three counties were from grassland to saline-alkali land and from saline-alkali land to grassland; and the typical shapes, spatial expansion speed and mode, and landscape attributes of the saline-alkali land were different in the three counties, which were closely related to local topography, predominant wind orientation, water resources distribution, etc. The corresponding spatial expansion mode was marginality in Changling, random in Zhenlai and more kernels in Da'an, respectively. Landscape attributes also responded to the spatial-temporal dynamic changes of the saline-alkali land and the landscape indices of Da'an fluctuated greatly. The frame of this research may provide fundamental reference for landscape analysis and give some suggestions for regional sustainable development.     

Adsorption of phosphate from the Yellow River water by desert particles: Kinetics and equilibrium studies

The equilibrium and kinetic adsorption of phosphate (P) from the Yellow River water onto desert particles taken from the Ulan Buh and Kubuqi deserts were investigated. Effect of the initial concentration of P and particulate matter on the sorption was explored. The kinetic studies show that adsorption rate was faster within the 0–8th hour period, then gradually decreased at 8th–48th hour period and basically tended to a dynamic equilibrium at the 48th hour, but there exists an adsorption difference of P onto different desert particles. The uptake process of P followed the pseudo-second-order rate model and the Morris-Weber diffusion equation which indicates that the adsorption process was mainly controlled by P diffusion inside the particles. The equilibrium investigation obtained an adsorption-desorption equilibrium mass concentration (EPC₀) of P from the Yellow River water on desert particles with the range of 0.010–0.042 mg/L, which is higher than present P concentration in the Yellow River. This study indicates that desert particles entering the river might release P to the Yellow River.     

大别山超高压岩石的流变学研究

本文利用野外构造解析、透射电镜、岩组等手段,对大别山地区超高压岩石的变形表象及变形机制进行了详细的观察和研究,从而动态地建立了超高压岩石折返的PTtD轨迹。结果表明:超高压石榴橄榄岩经历了高温和低温两种变形,其中橄榄石中发育高温[001](100)和中低温[010](100)两种滑移系。超高压榴辉岩中绿辉石的位错构造发育,位错密度为4.98×10~7/cm~2。绿辉石亚颗粒的特征显示存在颗粒边界迁移和扩散蠕变。绿辉石的组构测定表明,绿辉石晶内塑性流动形成了[001]极密,该极密平行于线理,属L型收缩组构。组构对称型显示本区榴辉岩以共轴变形为主,由于应变分解,部分地区含非共轴成分。付林图解表明,绿辉石和石榴子石的变形均属于收缩型椭球,拉伸型应变,这与绿辉石组构测定结果一致。石榴子石位错密度为3.54×10~7/cm~2,部分地区的石榴子石发育动态重结晶及核幔构造等,形成榴辉岩相糜棱岩。另外根据不同超高压岩石中石英的位错密度或亚颗粒大小,计算了超高压岩石折返时各个阶段的应力大小。     

大别山超高压榴辉岩流变强度——来自高温高压实验的证据

利用Griggs型 5GPa高压仪器 ,在柯石英稳定域围压条件下 ( >3GPa)完成大别山超高压榴辉岩流变学实验 ,建立了榴辉岩流变状态本构方程 (流动律 ) : ε=Aexp( -Q/RT)σn ,应力指数 (n)为 3 .4 ,活化能 (Q)为 4 80kJ/mol,结构常数 (A)为 10 3.3.实验结果表明 :( 1)作为两相矿物组成的榴辉岩 ,其流变学强度在很大程度上取决于强相矿物 (石榴石 )和弱相矿物 (绿辉石 )含量比例 ;( 2 )天然榴辉岩塑性变形机制是以位错蠕变为主 ;( 3 )根据实验成果比较榴辉岩和上地幔方辉橄榄岩流变学强度相当 ,两者耦合在大陆深俯冲 10 0km左右深度发生拆沉作用可能性很小 ,与上地幔上隆 (upwelling)作用有关的造山期后伸展作用对超高压岩石折返更具有重要意义 .     

台湾海峡上地幔流变学状态及其构造意义

本文详细研究了台湾澎湖列岛上地幔幔源包体的变形结构、组构和橄榄石位错构造。根据包体矿物（辉石）化学成分的计算，平衡温度９８６－１１１６℃，压力为１．５０－２．６０ＧＰａ。上地幔变形事件可分为３个序列：（１）高温低应力均匀稳态流动变形；（２）高温较高应力上地幔底辟边缘的剪切流动变形；（３）低温高应变速率．（１１０）滑移条带的淬取变形。本区上地幔变形事件和热结构特征表明，福建东部和台湾澎湖列岛－带具有     

湖北铁山“大冶式”铁矿床矿浆成矿问题的初探

湖北铁山矿床是“大冶式”铁矿床的重要代表.解放后大都认为是矽卡岩型铁矿床.但自五十年代以来,先后提出过不同的成因观点:三叠纪海相火山成矿;三叠纪膏盐层促进闪长岩中铁质分离富集;三叠纪富铁碳酸盐层热液改造成矿以及闪长岩钠化蚀变成矿等.通过三年来对该矿床的研究,我们发现了一些说明矿浆在成矿过程中起重要作用的地质现象.虽然三十年代以前矿浆成矿观点已广为讨论,但智利拉科(Laco,Chile)铁流报道以后才得到承认和重视.我国如姑山、梅山、曼养、矾山等铁矿床近年来也被一些作者作为矿浆成因而加以报道.苏良赫教授等最近对“与矿浆有关的FeO-Ca_5(PO_4)_3F-HaAlSiO_4-CaMgSi_2O_6.四元系”进行了实验研究,并初步认为在高温熔融状态下,铁是有可能在某一液相中相对富集中形成“富铁矿条”.本文将着重对铁山矿床的矿浆成矿观点提出的依据加以介绍,并对某些成因问题做一些探讨.     

湖北铁山“大冶式”铁矿床的某些成因问题

湖北铁山矿床是“大冶式”铁矿床的重要代表。解放后,黄懿和裴荣富等曾以勘探工作时所获成果为基础,论述了“大冶式”铁矿的特征,提出矽卡岩和热液成因的看法。六十年代注意了闪长岩钠长石化析出铁质,七十年代演变为接触交代论点;这一阶段还强调了三叠纪膏盐层促进闪长岩钠化而成矿的意义。     

湖北大冶铁矿矿床控矿地质条件的分析

大冶铁矿区位于淮阳山字型构造前弧西侧与新华夏构造体系(以梁子湖北北东向断裂带和大磨山—鄂城隆起带为主体)的复合地带。大致与传统构造区划的下扬子褶皱带西部大冶复式向斜构造部位相当。矿床产出的具体部位在铁山侵入体南缘中段接触带上。矿区范围内出露的主要地层为三叠系下统大冶群灰岩、白云岩建造,其次为二叠系上统大隆组,长兴组、龙潭组地层。二叠系与三叠系呈平行不整合接触关系。根据岩性及层理特征、变质残余结构、岩石化学成分等可将矿区三叠系下统大冶群变质地层划分为七个岩性