PLAXIS2D模拟计算基坑开挖工程的适用性分析

岩土工程有限元分析软件PLAXIS2D已经被广泛应用于基坑开挖的数值模拟计算中,但关于其模拟计算基坑开挖工程的适用性问题,目前还未见有相关文献进行深入分析.鉴于此,利用PLAXIS2D对3个实际深基坑开挖工程进行了数值模拟计算,通过计算结果与实测结果的对比,分析了PLAXIS2D在基坑开挖工程中的适用性;在此基础上,对应用PLAXIS2D进行基坑开挖数值模拟计算的适用条件进行了探讨,研究结论对正确应用PLAXIS2D进行基坑开挖工程的模拟计算具有较好的参考价值.     

西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段普兰纯橄岩中橄榄石的出溶特征及指示意义

西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段普兰纯橄岩中橄榄石存在透辉石和磁铁矿共生出溶现象。这类纯橄岩非常新鲜,主要由橄榄石、尖晶石和透辉石等矿物组成。橄榄石的Fo值是90.1~90.7,铬尖晶石的Cr~#为19.8~20.8,远小于蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩中常见纯橄岩中铬尖晶石的铬值(Cr~#60)。基于前人研究结果,提出这种现象是由于亏损方辉橄榄岩与含钛、铝、钙熔体发生交代作用,从而形成橄榄石的固溶体存在Ti~(4+)、Al~(3+)、Ca~(2+)、Fe~(3+),而Cr~(3+)进入铬尖晶石结晶。后期由于岩体在抬升过程中降温,橄榄石中出溶形成单斜辉石和磁铁矿,而铬尖晶石结晶被保留。依据铬尖晶石-橄榄石的矿物化学成分,识别出低铬纯橄岩具有最低的部分熔融程度为~8%,Cr~#最高的纯橄岩壳其部分熔融程度达到~50%,表明不同岩相间其形成背景存在明显差异。因此,笔者认为普兰蛇绿岩具有多阶段的过程。首先是在洋中脊环境下经历富Ca、Al和Na等熔体交代和部分熔融作用,后受到俯冲带玻安质熔体改造。     

日照和降水对青岛近海海域浒苔影响的分析

基于2008-2010年浒苔发生的事实,着重分析研究了日照时数和降水量对浒苔生消的影响。分析表明,5月上旬浒苔生成时,其发生地附近江苏近岸平均日照时数85.2h,比常年偏多14.7h;6月下旬浒苔覆盖青岛海域的面积一般在400～800km2,影响较明显,此时青岛平均日照时数74.3h,比常年偏多8.2h,表明日照充足,光合作用加强,适合浒苔生长繁殖。5月中旬江苏近岸降水量39.6mm,比常年偏多13.7mm,加快了浒苔生长发育;青岛近海浒苔大面积发生时,降水量是由5月中旬29.8mm转为6月下旬8.7mm(光照充足),再到7月上旬63.0mm,呈从偏多到偏少再到偏多交替出现。降水偏多促进了浒苔大发生。     

红罗非鱼引进繁殖育种及海水驯养研究

作者对引进的红罗非鱼进行了生物学特性、繁殖育种及海水驯养等方面的试验研究,结果得出:①亲鱼的怀卵量与体长呈正相关(关系式为:Y=124.78L—588.8),在北方地区每年产卵3—4次,产卵量为怀卵量的1/2;②水温25—30℃,11—18d受精卵孵出鱼苗;③红罗非鱼不仅可在淡水中生存,且在自然海水和半咸水中均能生存,是海水养殖的优良品种;④红罗非鱼同虾混养,可提高鱼虾成活率,增大养成规格。     

高光谱分辨率激光雷达(HSRL)大气温度测量模拟

激光雷达探测大气温度通常采用探测大气分子瑞利散射的方法,这种方法由于低层气溶胶的存在,一般只能探测高空（约12km以上）的大气温度,而探空气球又存在不能获取连续数据和定位性差的问题.文章给出了利用高光谱分辨率激光雷达探测大气温度的方法,并对此方法作了理论模拟.结果表明此方法可用于低层大气温度垂直剖面探测.     

2017年春季季风间期南海中北部浮游植物生长与微型浮游动物摄食

Phytoplankton growth rates and mortality rates were experimentally examined at 21 stations during the 2017 spring intermonsoon(April to early May) in the northern and central South China Sea(SCS) using the dilution technique, with emphasis on a comparison between the northern and central SCS areas which had different environmental factors. There had been higher temperature but lower nutrients and chlorophyll a concentrations in the central SCS than those in the northern SCS. The mean rates of phytoplankton growth(μ_0) and microzooplankton grazing(m) were(0.88±0.33) d~(–1) and(0.55±0.22) d~(–1) in the central SCS, and both higher than those in the northern SCS with the values of μ_0((0.81±0.16) d~(–1)) and m((0.30±0.09) d~(–1)), respectively.Phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates were significantly coupled in both areas. The microzooplankton grazing impact(m/μ_0) on phytoplankton was also higher in the central SCS(0.63±0.12) than that in the northern SCS(0.37±0.06). The microzooplankton abundance was significantly correlated with temperature in the surface. Temperature might more effectively promote the microzooplankton grazing rate than phytoplankton growth rate, which might contribute to higher m and m/μ_0 in the central SCS. Compared with temperature, nutrients mainly affected the growth rate of phytoplankton. In the nutrient enrichment treatment,the phytoplankton growth rate(μn) was higher than μ_0 in the central SCS, suggesting phytoplankton growth in the central SCS was nutrient limited. The ratio of μ_0/μn was significantly correlated with nutrients concentrations in the both areas, indicating the limitation of nutrients was related to the concentrations of background nutrients in the study stations.     

保护海洋资源发展海洋环境科学

开发海洋是当代新技术革命的重要领域。我国经济特区和开放城市都在沿海,东部沿海地区已成为我国四化建设的前沿地区。如何合理开发、利用和保护海洋资源,是当前急待研究的重要课题。     

北半球不同时域臭氧层遥相关结构的演变特征

分析了北半球不同时域Ｏ３层遥相关型的空间结构及其演变特征,探讨了太阳活动和极涡振荡对Ｏ３层遥相关型形成和演变的作用．结果发现：１．Ｏ３层对太阳活动响应具有显著的区域性,在不同季节里只存在一种Ｏ３层遥相关型与其相联系,随着季节的转换大气环流与太阳活动效应叠加将使Ｏ３层的响应区域及遥相关型的空间结构发生转移现象．２．极涡增强将导致Ｏ３层出现负异常,且在遥相关区域中Ｏ３含量的振幅变化最为显著．由于极涡的不对称性,各分区极涡强度对Ｏ３层遥相关型的影响存在着显著差异,表明极涡形变对Ｏ３层遥相关型的形成和演变具有重要作用．     

Spectroscopic Study of Natural Diamonds in China

It has become clear in recent years that the important substitutional impurities in diamond are nitrogen,hydrogen and boron(Bibby,D.M.,1982).The physical and chemical properties of diamond are determined by the content and form of occurence of nitrogen based on which diamonds are generally classified.The well-known experiments concerning the mutual transformation of the forms the origin of diamond.by Evans.T.Et al.(1982) have provided a theoretic basis for the origin of diamond.Since 1979,spectroscopic investigation of natural diamonds from different areas in china has been carried out using UV-visible and IR spectrophotometer,EPR and cathodoluminescence techniques.We have conducted the classification of natural cathodoluminescence techniques.We have conducted the classification of natural diamonds in China and studies on the forms of nitrogen and hydrogen,the radiation damage and their geological implications.Spectroscopic characteristics of natural diamonds in china and their geological implications are discussed in this paper.     

中国砚石资源介绍

1砚石与石砚1．1砚石能作为美术工艺矿产雕琢石砚的岩石称为砚石。计有：绢云母泥质板岩、水云母泥质板岩、粉砂质板岩、钙质泥板岩、凝灰质泥板岩、微晶灰岩、粉砂质泥灰岩、安山质凝灰岩等沉积岩及轻变质的火山沉积岩类。砚石的颜色有灰色、灰黑色、黑色、紫色、深紫色、绿色、青色、紫灰色及各种混合色调。矿物粒度及结构构造是衡量一种岩石可否作为砚石的标志。矿物粒度一般应在0．of～0．05mm之间，以细晶、微晶及隐晶结构为好；若具层纹状、条带状、条痕状、结核状、星点状、玉斑状等构造，则更理想。砚石的主要矿物，一般是绢（水）…