钻孔图像的煤矿地质信息获取方法

针对煤矿地质信息获取耗时且二、三维应用较少的问题,该文在总结前人研究成果的基础上,提出一种基于数字钻孔图像得到煤矿地下空间信息的方法;首先采用深度匹配算法实现全景环形孔壁图像的快速裁切;其次通过种子填充法实现多幅孔壁图像的自动无缝拼接得到完整钻孔图像;然后以此图像为底图进行地层素描以提取地下空间地质信息;最后利用提取后的信息生成二维钻孔柱状图和真实三维钻孔模型。实际应用表明,该方法可以满足矿山地质信息快速准确提取的要求。     

新疆于田普鲁地区中侏罗世地层的发现及其孢粉组合面貌

根据在新疆于田县普鲁地区新发现的中侏罗世地层及抱粉组合面貌的分析对比，参照其它动物及轮藻化石等，该套地层的时代应为中侏罗世早期，层位与杨叶组相当。结合本区侏罗纪地层层序、岩性及岩相变化、接触关系等，探讨了杨叶期的古地理环境，于田及其周缘地区为杨叶期沉降中心所在，策勒至民丰之间可能是今后找油的有利区段。     

苏北盆地下第三系碎屑岩的粒度分布特征及其环境解释

一、地质简况苏北盆地是印支燕山期发育形成的中一新生代断陷盆地,其中沉积了厚约5000米第三系碎屑岩。样品采于苏北凹陷钻井岩心,钻井位置如图1所示。主要是下第三系三垛组、代南组、阜宁组、泰州组共110块薄片样品,在镜下进行了结构鉴定。     

矿物固溶体的命名

0 概述国际矿物学会(IMA)新矿物及矿物命名委员会(CNMMN)推荐的矿物命名准则已由Nickel和Mandarino(1987—1989)总结并在大多数国际矿物学期刊上发表。但上述准则并未包括矿物命名中应如何命名固溶体系列中的矿物成员这一问题。对此     

2013年5～10月哈尔滨白鱼泡藻类植物群落结构特征

2013年5~10月,对哈尔滨市道外区巨源镇白鱼泡中藻类植物群落结构季节变化及其影响因素进行了初步研究。研究结果表明,共鉴定出藻类植物178种,隶属于8门65属,其中,有绿藻门27属67种,占藻类植物总数的37%,硅藻门16属64种,占36%,裸藻门5属27种,占15%,有蓝藻门8属9种,占5%,其它藻类占7%;藻类植物细胞密度为7.45×105~103.85×106ind./L,2013年5~10月白鱼泡藻类植物平均细胞密度为17.79×106ind./L,说明白鱼泡水体中营养化;藻类植物群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为2.746~3.327,其5~10月的平均值大于3,说明白鱼泡水质为轻污染状态,Pielou均匀度指数为0.807~0.998,Simpson多样性指数为0.890~0.953,说明白鱼泡藻类植物较丰富;水温和总磷含量是影响白鱼泡藻类植物群落结构的主要因子。     

多源卫星高度计海浪资料在中国近海的验证及应用

Studies of offshore wave climate based on satellite altimeter significant wave height(SWH) have widespread application value. This study used a calibrated multi-altimeter SWH dataset to investigate the wave climate characteristics in the offshore areas of China. First, the SWH measurements from 28 buoys located in China's coastal seas were compared with an Ifremer calibrated altimeter SWH dataset. Although the altimeter dataset tended to slightly overestimate SWH, it was in good agreement with the in situ data in general. The correlation coefficient was 0.97 and the root-mean-square(RMS) of differences was 0.30 m. The validation results showed a slight difference in different areas. The correlation coefficient was the maximum(0.97) and the RMS difference was the minimum(0.28 m) in the area from the East China Sea to the north of the South China Sea.The correlation coefficient of approximately 0.95 was relatively low in the seas off the Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary. The RMS difference was the maximum(0.32 m) in the seas off the Changjiang Estuary and was0.30 m in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. Based on the above evidence, it is confirmed that the multialtimeter wave data are reliable in China's offshore areas. Then, the characteristics of the wave field, including the frequency of huge waves and the multi-year return SWH in China's offshore seas were analyzed using the23-year altimeter wave dataset. The 23-year mean SWH generally ranged from 0.6–2.2 m. The greatest SWH appeared in the southeast of the China East Sea, the Taiwan Strait and the northeast of the South China Sea.Obvious seasonal variation of SWH was found in most areas; SWH was greater in winter and autumn than in summer and spring. Extreme waves greater than 4 m in height mainly occurred in the following areas: the southeast of the East China Sea, the south of the Ryukyu Islands, the east of Taiwan-Luzon Island, and the Dongsha Islands extending to the Zhongsha Islands, and the frequency of extreme waves was 3%–6%. Extreme waves occurred most frequently in autumn and rarely in spring. The 100-year return wave height was greatest from the northwest Pacific seas extending to southeast of the Ryukyu Islands(9–12 m), and the northeast of the South China Sea and the East China Sea had the second largest wave heights(7–11 m). For inshore areas, the100-year return wave height was the greatest in the waters off the east coast of Guangdong Province and the south coast of Zhejiang Province(7–8 m), whereas it was at a minimum in the area from the Changjiang Estuary to the Bohai Sea(4–6 m). An investigation of sampling effects indicates that when using the 1°×1°grid dataset, although the combination of nine altimeters obviously enhanced the time and space coverage of sampling, the accuracy of statistical results, particularly extreme values obtained from the dataset, still suffered from undersampling problems because the time sampling percent in each 1°×1°grid cell was always less than33%.     

基于自动站资料的WRF-EnSRF陆面同化系统的效果检验及应用

基于集合平方根滤波方法(En SRF)同化方法和NOAH陆面模式的WRF-En SRF陆面同化系统,同化了江苏省70个自动站资料进行试验,研究加入不同的同化资料(地表温度、10 cm土壤温度、20 cm土壤温度)及初始扰动强度的大小对陆面数据同化系统性能的影响,以及对不同区域(降水大值区和降水小值区)的分析场进行效果对比,并且检验了同化系统在一次典型的梅雨锋暴雨的同化效果,证明了这个系统的有效性和可行性。对于资料选取试验,比较全场平均的同化时刻分析场模拟观测相对真实观测的均方根误差可以得到:同化地表温度资料并且初始扰动强度1 K的时候同化效果最理想。对于选定的降水大值区和降水小值区来讲,降水大值区的土壤温度和土壤湿度分析场更加接近于真实场。运用于一次梅雨锋暴雨的同化实验,对于最后一个同化时次的分析场作为背景场做集合预报,最终证明预报结果是有效的。土壤温度、土壤湿度、地表温度和近地面风场的预报结果都较用NCEP再分析资料直接做预报作为控制试验的结果有不同程度的改进。这说明该系统应用于实际同化中的性能较为良好,可以应用于实际土壤湿度与温度的预报。     

伊春火成岩带二股矽卡岩型铁多金属矿床40Ar-39Ar年代学及其地质意义

文章在矿床地质特征研究基础上,首次确定了伊春火成岩带内的二股铁多金属矿床的成矿时代。结合前人研究成果,分析了伊春火成岩带早中生代金属矿床的成矿时限,成矿规律及找矿方向。金云母40Ar_39Ar同位素测年结果表明,二股铁多金属矿床的成矿年龄为(181.0±4.2)Ma。伊春火成岩带内早中生代金属成矿作用分为:早期(200~181 Ma)与二长花岗岩有关的矽卡岩型_热液脉型铁多金属矿床成矿作用;晚期(178~175 Ma)与花岗斑岩有关的斑岩型钼矿床成矿作用。晚三叠世—早侏罗世花岗岩类侵入岩(如二长花岗岩)与铅山组碳酸盐岩接触部位是伊春火成岩带内矽卡岩型_热液脉型铁多金属矿床成矿的有利部位。     

塔里木盆地西部中生代早期伸展作用的辉绿岩证据

塔里木盆地西北缘出露的辉绿岩墙的SiO2含量为44.34%～49.34%,Na2O K2O(4.32%～6.04%)和Na2O/K2O均较高(2.23～9.15),主量元素反映板内玄武岩的特点。稀土总量较低(∑REE=35.71～47.95μg/g),(La/Yb)N高达11.66～14.77,呈轻稀土强烈富集的稀土配分型式,基本不显示明显的Eu异常,具有富集地幔源的地球化学特点。对辉绿岩的40Ar/39Ar年龄测定为235.6Ma和203.7Ma。结合塔里木盆地西部,特别是西邻塔吉克盆地和卡拉库姆盆地三叠—侏罗纪沉积与构造背景的综合分析表明,塔里木盆地西部三叠—侏罗纪时期是白垩纪—古近纪强烈沉降作用的前奏,主体处于伸展背景下的隆起状态。     

水泥混合上海黏土pH值和电导率与强度特性研究

针对目前钻芯取样、标准贯入试验、荷载试验等水泥搅拌桩的检测方法试验要求高、试验时间长、测试费用高等诸多缺点,提出联合测定水泥土初期pH值与电导率的方式来判断其后期无侧限抗压强度与混合土性状的方法。以上海地区第④层黏性土为研究对象、以水泥掺量为变量,对加固土体的化学性质与其强度增长特性做了试验研究;探讨了pH值和电导率与水泥掺量、养护时间、后期强度之间的关系。试验结果表明,当水泥土初期的pH值和电导率大于分别为11.5和0.09 s/m的临界值时开始产生强度。在此之后强度随着pH值的增长而缓慢增加,但当pH达到11.8时,强度开始随着pH值的增长而迅速增加。电导率与强度变化关系的这些特征可以避免用水泥土初期pH值单一化学指标来判定其后期无侧限抗压强度带来的误差与风险。为判定上海地区黏性土水泥搅拌桩的强度提供试验依据。