MERLIN Images of Five Compact Symmetric Object Candidates at 1.6 GHz

1 INTRODUCTIONCompact Symmetric Objects (CSOs) are powerful and compact sources (overall size <1 bpc) with lobe emission on both sides of the central engine. The small size of these sourcesis almost certainly to be attributed to the youth of the sources themselves (ages < 104 yr) andnot due to a dense coallning medium (Readhead 1996). The unification scenario assumes thatCSOs evolve into compact steep spectrum (CSS) sotirces and then into Fanaroff-Riley type 11objects (Fanti 1995). …     

Ellerman Bombs,Type Ⅱ White—light Flares and Magnetic Reconnection in the Solar Lower Atmosphere

Ellerman bombs and type Ⅱ white-light flares share many common features despite the large energy gap between them.Both are considered to result from local heation in the solar lower atmosphere.This paper presents numerical simulations of magnetic reconnection occurring in such a deep atmosphere,with the aim to account for the common features of the two phenomena.Our numerical results manifest the following two typical characteristics of the assumed reconnection process:(1)magnetic reconnection saturates in-600-900s,which is just the lifetime of the two phenomens;(2)ionization in the upper chromosphere consumes quite a large part of the energy released through reconnection,making the heation effect most significant in the lower chromosphere.The applicationof the reconnection model to the two phenomena is discussed in detail.     

The Doppler Effect and Spectral Energy Distribution of Blazars

The relativistic beaming model is adopted to discuss quantitatively the observational differences between radio-selected BL Lac objects (RBLs) and X-ray-selected BL Lac objects (XBLs), and between BL Lac objects and flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs). The main results are the following:(1) In the Doppler corrected color-color(αro^in-αox^in) diagram,XBLs and FSRQs occupy separated regions, while RBLs bridge the gap between them. These properties suggest that similar intrinsic physical processes operate in all the objects under a range of intrinsic physical conditions. (2) Our results are consistent with the results of Sambruna, Maraschi and Urry (1996) from other methods. We show the αxox introduced by Sambruna to be a good index for describing the energy distribution because it represents the intrinsic energy distribution and includes the Doppler correction. (3)The Doppler effect of relativistic beaming is the main mechanism, and the physical differences(such as magnetic fields, electron energies) are also important complementary factors for understanding the relation between XBLs and RBLS.     

日本海潮对东亚VLBI站位移的影响

计算了日本海的M2，S2，K1和O1等4个主潮波对东亚9个VLBI站的负荷位移参数和重力改正，得到日本VLBI站的径向和水平方向的信移量分别为3－12mm和1-3mm，上海VLBI站和韩国的Daejeon站相应的径向量分别为1mm和3-4mm。估计了上海至日本鹿岛和水Chi站的负荷基线变化分别可达±7.6mm和±28.4mm。此外，日本的水Chi、野边山、鹿儿岛和Usuda站的负荷重力变化分别可达0.8－0.9μGal，它接近于目前绝对重务测定的观测精度（±μGal）。计算还表明，不同地球模型的计算负荷位移之差在目前测地学精度水平下可以忽略。     

热带副热带对流层中上层水汽场分析研究

利用GMS-5卫星水汽通道资料分析了1995年夏秋季热带对流层中上层水汽场的分布及其变化。分析表明：南印度洋-澳大利亚-南城市平洋地区是夏秋季对流层中上层最好干的地区，赤道太平洋、北太平洋是相对干区；夏秋季南亚和中国南部是对流层中上层最潮湿的地区，夏季比秋季更潮湿，反映出季风在这一地区的活动特点，月平均水汽场从8月到9月，高湿带观点华北平原突然南跳到南海海面，表明对流层中上层的水汽场在9月份发生突变，比大气环流的10月突变早1个月完成；青藏高原夏季东南部为湿区，秋季西北部为湿区。     

一次强飑线的中分析

本文对一次强飑线过程进行分析,指出高空“阶梯槽”的出现是这次飑线过程大尺度环流背景的重要特征。在此背景下,苏北和山东广大地区,有一支西南低空急流输送水汽和热量,大气层结趋于不稳定,为鼬线发展提供了不稳定能量,而高空疏散槽为不稳定能释放的一种触发机构。在飑线过境前,大气的层结在800毫巴附近的强下沉逆温,对不稳定能的储存和积累有重要意义。 这次飑线发展如此之强,除一般所说的一些条件之外,同飑线内部对流云体的合并以及与其它天气系统的碰头有密切关系;另外,中低空之间的强垂直风切变也有特殊作用。     

夏季中国降水型的年代际变化与大气内部动力过程及外强迫因子关系

根据中国160站月平均降水、NCEP/NCAR的再分析资料以及英国气象局哈德莱中心1900～1999年全球1°×1°格点月平均海表温度距平资料,利用物理量诊断、EOF分析等方法,探讨东亚季风区大气环流内部动力过程与大气外强迫因子（海温）年代际变化及对中国夏季降水型的影响。分析发现,中国东部地区、西北地区夏季降水型有各自不同的年代际变化趋势;中国东部夏季降水型及东亚夏季风环流年代际变化趋势与大气外强迫因子北太平洋中纬度海温年代际变化（PDO）关系密切;中国西北地区夏季降水年代际变化与大气内部动力过程中纬度西风带扰动动能年代际减弱有关。     

红海湾海藻资源的研究

调查了红海湾的海藻资源状况。结果表明，红海湾海藻种类约有19科40种，其中主要经济海藻约16种。敝开型硬相海岸的年平均生物量高达1847．26g/m^2，以褐藻类为主；内湾屏蔽型软相海岸的年平均生物量为112．42g/m^2，以绿藻类为主。敝开型硬相海岸海藻的多样性和生物量明显高于内湾屏蔽型软相海岸。