浅谈气象警报广播

气象警报广播是一种新生事物,它是适应改革开放的需要而产生的。我们要让这一新生儿健康成长,为气象部门的改革开放服务,为社会公益服务和有偿专业服务当好喉舌。然而,我们以前没有这方面的经验,需要在实践中探讨,使之逐渐完善。在此,谈几点办好气象警报广播的看法。     

层间隔震技术在地铁车辆段大平台上部土地开发上的应用研究

为开发北京地铁八王坟车辆段大平台上部空间,层间隔震技术被采用。通过非线性时程分析和模拟地震动振动台试验,研究了此层间隔震结构体系的抗震性能。研究结果表明采用隔震技术后,结构体系抗震性能得到很大提高,其地震响应满足规范要求。     

贵州区域自动气象站数据等值线应用系统简介

该文以绘制贵州省等值线雨量图为例,着重介绍利用Surfer软件绘制区域图和在底图上绘制等值线图的方法,展示用Delphi7.0编程语言调用Surfer8.0的绘图函数,实现Surfer8.0与Delphi7.0之间的API自动化接口,从而实现区域等值线图的程序化输出。     

安徽自动站运行效能统计特征分析与诊断

从自动气象站业务运行特点出发,以ASOM监控安徽省81套国家级自动气象站运行为基础,统计评估了2010年自动站业务运行到报率、可用性的效能情况.根据基准站、基本站和一般站逐月运行效能统计特征,分析了未到报、报文格式错误和数据错误3者对可用性的影响,针对报文格式错误的个案特征,重点研究了出现报文格式错误与人机交互发报操作时间的定量关系,得到了定量化的发报阈值时间小于等于45 s.为提高自动气象站运行能力和业务质量,提出了解决报文字节格式错误的可行措施.     

OSSMO2004安装及数据恢复问题处理一例

问题2011年2月中国气象局自动气象站测报软件V3．0．18版本在升级为V3．0．19版本后,部分台站出现了上传数据为空的现象。为解决此问题,陕西省气象局下达了软件降级的文件指令。临潼区气象局软件降级后发现不能进行对比观测,便重新安装软件。     

2020年成都双流机场系统性雷暴天气特征

利用2020年成都双流机场雷暴实况与航班运行数据,分析大面积航班延误响应机制（Massive Delay Response System,MDRS）下的系统性雷暴特征。结果表明：2020年成都双流机场启动MDRS响应共21次,黄色和橙色响应分别为17次和4次。MDRS响应下的大气环境具有显著的高湿高能特征,黄色和橙色雷暴天气过程中850 hPa比湿分别为16.23 g·kg⁻¹和17.59 g·kg⁻¹,K指数分别为35.8℃和36.9℃。MDRS黄色响应下,成都双流机场常发生3 h以下的间断性雷暴,高空槽从四川盆地北部延伸至中部,副高位置偏东南,雷暴云团呈现带状或块状分布,35 dBZ以上的雷达强回波区小于终端区面积的1/2,移动方向多为偏东和偏北向。MDRS橙色响应下,双流机场雷暴通常在3 h以上,大气环流具有更显著的涡旋结构,高空槽从四川盆地中部延伸至南部,偏南气流较强,副高位置偏东,雷暴云团具有明显的连续长带状分布特征,强回波区覆盖面积大于终端区的1/2,系统持续时间长,移动速度慢。     

新时期基层气象事业发展之浅见

通过学习<中国气象事业发展战略研究>(以下简称<战略研究>),对新时期如何应用<战略研究>成果加快基层气象事业的发展问题,有了一些粗浅的认识.     

Comparison of products from ERA-40, NCEP-2, and CRU with station data for summer precipitation over China

Summer precipitation products from the 45-Year European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) Reanalysis (ERA-40), and NCEP-Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP-II) Reanalysis (NCEP-2), and Climatic Research Unit (CRU) TS 2.1 dataset are compared with the corresponding observations over China in order to understand the quality and utility of the reanalysis datasets for the period 1979–2001. The results reveal that although the magnitude and location of the rainfall belts differ among the reanalysis, CRU, and station data over South and West China, the spatial distributions show good agreement over most areas of China. In comparison with the observations in most areas of China, CRU best matches the observed summer precipitation, while ERA-40 reports less precipitation and NCEP-2 reports more precipitation than the observations. With regard to the amplitude of the interannual variations, CRU is better than either of the reanalyses in representing the corresponding observations. The amplitude in NCEP-2 is stronger but that of ERA-40 is weaker than the observations in most study domains. NCEP-2 has a more obvious interannual variability than ERA-40 or CRU in most areas of East China. Through an Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, the main features of the rainfall belts produced by CRU agree better with the observations than with those produced by the reanalyses in the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley. In East of China, particularly in the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley, CRU can reveal the quasi-biennial oscillation of summer precipitation represented by the observations, but the signal of ERA-40 is comparatively weak and not very obvious, whereas that of NCEP-2 is also weak before 1990 but very strong after 1990. The results also suggest that the magnitude of the precipitation difference between ERA-40 and the observations is smaller than that between NCEP-2 and the observations, but the variations represented by NCEP-2 are more reasonable than those given by ERA-40 in most areas of East China to some extent.     

发展广东省空间天气轨道的思考

根据中国气象发展战略研究成果中8条业务轨道对空间天气轨道的要求,通过对空间天气和空间天气学的描述,分析广东省气象部门空间天气发展的可行性与必要性,结合广东省气象局业务体制改革,对发展广东省空间天气业务提出一些建议。