吉林省通榆、乾安县承压地下水氟污染的原因及其防治对策

本文针对吉林省通榆、乾安县潜水高区下部第四系承压地下水氟含量升高,引起氟地主病重新抬头的环境水千文地质问题,分析了氟升高的原因,主要是研发第四系承压地下水的过程中含水层顶板的大规模破坏,使高氟潜水下窜,污染了深层压水所致。对防治对策进行了探讨,提示人们在水资源开发过程中应保护开采层的地球化学环境,从违背自然的主观意识所造成的恶果中肖取教训。     

科尔沁沙地绵羊舍饲及当年羔羊育肥技术规程

本规程适用于科尔沁沙地农牧交错区农户或半农半牧户在绵羊或山羊舍饲及进行羔羊育肥时使用。     

Genetic study of Kelp “901” strain

Based on DNA extraction and optimization of random amplified reaction (RAPD) to the gametophytes and sporophytes of Kelp “901” strain, genetic study on variation was conducted to its parents and offsprings of F6, F7,Fs, and F9 generation. RAPD results have shown that among 30 selected primers for gametophytes, 297 loci ranging from 200 to 3 000 bp were obtained in the average of 9,9 loci for each primer, This indicated a high polymorphic rate with RAPD detection. UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average) analysis showed that each male and female gametophyte of a generation could be clustered into one pair separately. The genetic distances of the Kelp 901 generation were 0.321 2-0.476 7, and the maximum was between F7 and Fs (0.476 7). Identity analysis showed that F6 generation was more close to the female parent (0.659 3), and F7 generation was more close to the male parent (0.5788). To the sporophytes study in 24 selected primers for RAPD amplification, 191 loci ranging from 230-2 800 bp were obtained, in the average to each primer of 8.0 loci. The heterozygosity to six populations were male parent (0.223 9),female parent (0.107 2), F6 (0.216 4), F7 (0.228 6), F8 (0.229 6) and F9 (0.317 2). The nearest genetic distance was 0.083 5 (Fs, F9). Total heterozygosity (HT) ofF6, F7, F8 and F9 generations was 0.318 6, the average heterozygosity (Hs) for F6,F7, F8 and F9 generations was 0.248 0, and deduced coefficient of population differentiation (Gst) was 22.2%. Six sequence characterized amplified regions (SCAR) were preliminary screened through RAPD analysis. It needed to be verified in detail as they are significant for molecular marker assistance in breeding and selecting Laminaria.     

安徽庐枞盆地泥河铁矿床与膏盐层的成因联系及矿床成矿模式

安徽庐枞盆地位于长江中下游断陷带内,地处扬子板块北缘,是长江中下游成矿带中重要的铁铜多金属成矿区和玢岩型铁矿的集中产地。庐枞盆地西北部勘探发现了大型泥河铁矿床,其硫铁矿和硬石膏矿床也达到了中大型规模,矿床中硬石膏在不同蚀变-矿化阶段均广泛发育,具有鲜明的成矿特色。深部勘探揭示庐枞盆地深部存在含石膏沉积地层(膏盐层),但目前膏盐层与成矿作用关系尚未引起研究重视。本文总结和分析了泥河铁矿床的地质地球化学特征,着重分析了膏盐层与铁矿床形成的关系,并在阐明成矿流体系统演化过程和成矿机理的基础上,提出泥河矿床的形成与三叠系膏盐层有着重要的成因关系,膏盐层是泥河铁矿床形成的重要地质条件之一。铁矿床及蚀变围岩中的大量硬石膏主要来自膏盐层;膏盐层为铁的成矿作用提供了大部分硫和矿化剂元素。在此基础上,建立了泥河铁矿床的两期成矿模式,即中晚三叠世含膏盐地层的沉积作用期(预备成矿期)和早白垩世的岩浆热液成矿期。     

利用奇异谱分析提高极移中长期预报精度

由于空间大地观测数据传输耗时及处理过程复杂, 导致极移测量值的获取存在时延, 无法满足对高精度的极移预报值有重大需求的应用领域. 针对极移复杂的时变特性, 提出一种基于奇异谱分析(singular spectrum analysis, SSA)的预报方法. 首先用SSA分离提取极移时序中的高频组分与低频组分; 其次建立最小二乘(least square, LS)外推与自回归(AutoreGressive, AR)模型对极移高频和低频组分进行组合预报. 结果表明, SSA方法能够准确地分离和提取极移低频和高频组分, 对低频和高频组分组合预报可以显著改善极移的中长期(30--365d)预报精度, 与国际地球自转和参考系服务局(International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service, IERS)提供的A公报中的极移预报值相比, SSA方法对极移PMX分量(本初子午线方向)和PMY分量(西90$^\circ$子午线方向)的中长期预报精度改进最高分别可达45.97%和62.44%. 研究结果验证了SSA方法对极移中长期预报改进的有效性.     

海马齿浮床对富营养化海湾营养盐削减的模型评价：以东山湾八尺门养殖海域为例

Many coastal seas are severely eutrophic and required to reduce nutrient concentrations to meet a certain water quality standard. We proposed a method for nutrient removal by planting Sesuvium portulacastrum at the water surface using the floating beds in the aquaculture area of the Dongshan Bay as an example, which is an important net-cage culture base in China and where dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphate(DIP) reach 0.75 mg/L and 0.097 mg/L, respectively far exceeding China's Grade IV water quality standards.Numerical simulations were taken using the ecological model, field observations and field plantation experimental results to assess the environmental restoration effects of planting S. portulacastrum at some certain spatial scales. Our field experiments suggested that the herbs can absorb 377 g/m~2 nitrogen and 22.9 g/m~2 phosphorus in eight months with an inserting density of ～60 shoot/m~2. The numerical experiments show that the greater the plantation area is, the more nutrient removal. Plantation in ～12% of the study area could lower nutrients to the required Grade II standards, i.e., 0.2 mg/LDIN≤0.3 mg/L and 0.015 mg/LDIP≤0.03 mg/L.Here the phytoremediation method and results provide helpful references for environmental restoration in other eutrophic seas.     

含沙浑水体的黏度测量及应用分析

含沙浑水体的高速冲击会对海底构筑物造成破坏,在计算浑水体对构筑物的作用力时,黏度是一项重要参数。本文利用落球试验和流变仪测试试验,测定了不同浓度含沙浑水体的黏度,给出其起始黏度与动力作用后的稳定黏度。结果表明:含沙量在大于400g/L时,浑水体为可用赫巴模型描述的非牛顿流体,并可简化为宾汉体;在含沙量小于400g/L时,浑水体仍可用宾汉体模型描述,在忽略较小的初始剪切应力时,可简化为牛顿流体。浓度大于400g/L的浑水体的起始黏度约为稳定黏度的100倍。文中讨论了含沙浑水体起始黏度与稳定黏度在工程计算应用中的适用情况。     

深反射地震成像揭示的班公湖 怒江缝合带中段Moho断阶及其大地构造意义

揭示班公湖- 怒江(班怒)缝合带Moho(莫霍面)结构对于认识中特提斯洋壳俯冲和南羌塘坳陷成因具有重要地球动力学意义。基于横跨班怒缝合带的深反射地震数据(88°30′E),本文采用了中长波长静校正、噪声压制、优化叠加和叠前深度偏移(PSDM)等地震处理技术,获得了深度域地震反射偏移剖面、层速度场和高分辨率Moho结构。由深度域剖面显示,班怒缝合带Moho位于地表以下65～80 km,呈不连续北向抬升趋势,指示在拉萨地块与南羌塘地块之间存在岩石圈上地幔断阶,最大阶步可达15 km。综合分析缝合带两侧的Moho形态认为,这些断阶受南侧拉萨地体的岩石圈上地幔以19. 5°北倾俯冲与北侧南羌塘地块的上地壳抬升驱动,可能与深部存在局部熔融相关。班怒缝合带下的Moho结构表明,随着晚侏罗世—早白垩世中特提斯洋闭合,南羌塘地体由边缘海沉积向前陆盆地转换,形成南羌塘坳陷。     

基于AR（p）的卡尔曼滤波在GPS变形监测中的应用

由于AR（p）模型结构比较简单且计算比较方便,在变形分析中,目前常采用此模型建立变形模型。然而单纯的AR模型把模型参数作为定值,变形数据拟合误差及变形预测误差可能会比较大。介绍了将卡尔曼滤波引入AR模型,利用观测数据建立AR模型,即建立观测方程;以AR模型的参数为状态向量建立状态方程。从而形成动态系统的卡尔曼滤波函数模型,动态计算出AR模型的参数以便预测。此方法快速、实时,且占有较少内存,充分利用了AR模型和卡尔曼滤波二者的优点。