夏季南海—菲律宾上空低频热源对东亚环流影响的数值试验

采用钱永甫ｐ－σ五层坐标原始方程模式，研究南海－菲律宾地区上空的低频热源对东亚大气环流的影响。结果表明，当低频热源处于加热位相时，对流层上层澳大利亚上空西风加强，对流层低层１２０°Ｅ处越赤道气流增强，副高位置偏北，此时低层东南风影响我国东部沿海地区的降水；冷却位相时，对流层上层澳大利亚上空西风减弱，对流层低层越赤道气流减弱，副高位置偏南，此时低层西南风造成我国东部沿海的降水。     

青藏高原及其邻近地区旬感热通量基本气候特征

利用１９７９～１９９５年美国ＮＣＥＰ再分析资料中逐旬感热通量,对高原及其邻近地区旬感热通量季节变化、年际变化特征及冬、夏季感热通量旬异常的年际变化和季节变化进行了分析。结果表明：青藏高原感热通量有明显的季节变化,可分为科季型（１０月下旬～３月上旬）和夏季型（３月中旬～１０月中旬）,感热通量季节变化的明显区在高原北侧的荒原沙漠和南部珠峰一带,高原感热异常多发生在３～１５旬和２６～３６旬。冬季感热通量     

春蚕生产全生育期相对湿度分析和预报

利用1981～1990年春蚕生产全生育期(4月中旬至5月中旬)气象资料,分析了相对湿度的年变化和14时相对湿度对春蚕生产的不利影响,筛选出影响14时相对湿度的因子,建立了预报方程.     

汉江流域硫铁矿区厚子河支流水质评价研究

为查明厚子河不同区域河水受硫铁矿污染的程度,在厚子河支流4个典型河流断面采集水样,开展水质全分析测试,并采用单因子评价法和综合水质标识指数法进行评价分析。研究结果表明: (1)运用单因子评价法对硫铁矿区厚子河水质评价的结果无差异,均为劣Ⅴ类水; 而运用综合水质标识指数法的评价结果显示,距离硫铁矿开采区由近及远的4个断面HZ001、HZ002、HZ003、HZ004的综合水质标识指数逐渐下降,水质类别分别为劣Ⅴ类且黑臭、劣Ⅴ类但不黑臭、Ⅳ类、Ⅲ类,符合现场调查的实际情况,能够反映距离污染源越远时河水水质趋好的总体态势; (2)综合水质标识指数法不仅可以客观反映同一河流各个断面所处的综合水质类别、同一水质类别中受污染的不同程度以及与水环境功能区类别的比较结果,而且能够实现对劣V类水质污染程度的精细划分,相较于单因子评价法更加客观、科学、全面,适用于矿山开采等重污染区域河流断面水质污染情况的研判。     

宁夏区域精细化温度预报业务平台

介绍以宁夏中尺度数值模式温度预报为基础,以宁夏精细化预报系统温度预报产品为核心,结合自动气象站等多种资料,以图形方式显示、修改和制作宁夏各站逐时温度预报业务平台。该平台以宁夏各地区代表站与该地区其它站之间的回归方程的计算量为依据,在温度预报物理过程不变的情况下,通过修改曲线的方式,完成对大数据量温度预报值的订正。该平台的建成,为制作高时间密度的预报提供了技术支撑。     

Evolution of aerosol vertical distribution during particulate pollution events in Shanghai

A set of micro pulse lidar(MPL)systems operating at 532 nm was used for ground-based observation of aerosols in Shanghai in 2011.Three typical particulate pollution events(e.g.,haze)were examined to determine the evolution of aerosol vertical distribution and the planetary boundary layer(PBL)during these pollution episodes.The aerosol vertical extinction coefficient(VEC)at any given measured altitude was prominently larger during haze periods than that before or after the associated event.Aerosols originating from various source regions exerted forcing to some extent on aerosol loading and vertical layering,leading to different aerosol vertical distribution structures.Aerosol VECs were always maximized near the surface owing to the potential influence of local pollutant emissions.Several peaks in aerosol VECs were found at altitudes above 1 km during the dust-and bioburning-influenced haze events.Aerosol VECs decreased with increasing altitude during the local-polluted haze event,with a single maximum in the surface atmosphere.PM2.5 increased slowly while PBL and visibility decreased gradually in the early stages of haze events;subsequently,PM2.5 accumulated and was exacerbated until serious pollution bursts occurred in the middle and later stages.The results reveal that aerosols from different sources impact aerosol vertical distributions in the atmosphere and that the relationship between PBL and pollutant loadings may play an important role in the formation of pollution.     

内蒙古气象台站天气实况传输及监测系统常见故障维护

文章阐述内蒙古气象台站天气实况传输及监测系统常见故障及故障发生原因,并提出故障判断分析的基本原则和排除方法。为台站业务人员准确判断故障现象并排除故障提供指导。     

西昆仑奇台达坂一带晚三叠世中酸性侵入岩锆石LA-ICP-MS年龄、地球化学特征及其构造意义

奇台达坂位于新疆西昆仑新藏公路540km处,在其周围分布有小规模的中酸性侵入岩,岩体严格受郭扎错—金沙江缝合带控制呈北西向展布,岩性主要为英云闪长岩、石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩。锆石环带结构明显,Th/U值介于0.15~0.73之间,为典型的岩浆锆石。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年结果表明,其形成年龄分别为214.7±2.0 Ma、211.3±3.3 Ma和210.6±2.8 Ma,时代为晚三叠世。主微量元素英云闪长岩→石英闪长岩→花岗闪长岩,岩石中SiO_2(58.96%~67.52%)含量逐渐增高,Al_2O_3(14.79%~16.37%)、CaO(3.41%~5.25%)和Mg O(1.47%~3.42%)逐渐降低;里特曼指数1.03~1.79,K_2O+Na_2O全碱含量为4.36%~6.4%,属钙碱性系列。稀土元素中等(∑REE=101.27×10-6~271.04×10-6),轻重稀土分异明显(LaN/YbN平均为10.69),Eu异常明显(δEu平均值0.60)。大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、K、Th富集、相对亏损Ba,高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Zr、Hf、Sr、P、Ti亏损。对研究区侵入岩进行投图分析,认为它是形成于大陆边缘弧环境的未分异I型花岗岩,物质来源主要为岩浆弧地壳的角闪岩相变玄武岩,并卷入少量的地幔物质。根据岩体的成因类型并结合区域构造环境演化认为,在晚三叠世末,古特提斯洋南缘局限洋盆(巴颜喀拉中生代边缘裂陷海洋盆)发生自NE向SW的持续俯冲消减,洋—陆转换开始,该套中酸性侵入岩侵入就位。     

Crustal structure using receiver function in the east part of A＇nyemaqen suture belt

Twenty broadband seismographs were deployed along Hongyuan, Sichuan to Wuwei, Gansu. 81 teleseismic events were recorded in one year. We computed receiver functions from teleseismic waveform data and obtained S wave velocity structure beneath each station along the profile by using receiver function inversion method. The results revealed that the crustal structure is very complex and crustal average S wave velocity is to be on the low side. Low velocity structure generally exists in the depth range of 10～40 km in the crust between Aba arc fault and northern edge fault of Qinling earth＇s axis and it is a tectonic feature of complex geological process such as ancient A＇nyemaqen Tethys ocean from closing and side colliding to subducted plate exhumed or thrust rock slice lifted. The Moho is about 50 km depth along the profile and is slightly deeper in the south than in the north.     

镍锗尖晶石位错域的高温蠕变实验研究

利用人工合成的多晶材料研究了镍锗尖晶石在位错域的高温蠕变性质.多晶材料的颗粒尺寸约8μm.单轴压缩试件为圆柱状,使用气体介质围压筒.常压蠕变试验过程中,围压为300MPa,温度为1373-1523K,应力在55-330MPa范围内.从实验结果得出了镍锗尖晶石在位错域的流动律,应力指数n=29±01,表明流动的微观机制为位错蠕变.与其他尖晶石进行对比可以发现一个力学同构群,虽然在正尖晶石和反尖晶石之间存在一定的差异.在位错蠕变域,尖晶石与橄榄石归一化的强度类似.由于尖晶石的剪切模量比橄榄石高50%,其实际强度也比橄榄石高.将橄榄石和尖晶石的蠕变数据外推到地球内部条件时,由于其高应力指数,橄榄石则有可能比尖晶石的强度高.