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71.
72.
1951—2005年中国大陆霾的时空变化 总被引:34,自引:3,他引:34
霾的出现有重要的空气质量指示意义.而雾的记录,有明确的天气指示意义.由于经济规模的迅速扩大和城市化进程的加快,中国大陆都市霾天气日趋严重.利用1951-2005年中国大陆743个地面气象站资料分析中国大陆霾的长期变化趋势,结果表明:霾的地理分布特点是,从1956年到1980年中国霾日都比较少,仅四川盆地和新疆南部超过50天;20世纪80年代以后中国霾日明显增加,到21世纪大陆东部大部分地区几乎都超过100天,其中大城市区域超过150天,与经济活动密切相关.霾日排在前10位的依次是沈阳、河北邢台、重庆市区、辽宁本溪、西安、成都、四川遂宁、湖北老河口、新疆和田、且末、民丰、四川内江,主要集中在辽宁中部、四川盆地、华北平原和关中平原地区,以及受沙尘暴影响较多的南疆地区.就中国大陆而言,12和1月霾天气日数明显偏多,2个月霾日数的总和达到了全年的30%;9月霾天气日数最少,约占全年的5%.具有藕日增加变化趋势的站点主要分布在中国的东部和南部,包括华北、黄淮、江淮、江南、江汉、华南以及西南地区东部,是中同东部一些经济和工业比较发达的地区.具有霾日减少变化趋势的站点主要分布在东北、内蒙古和西北地区东部.这些地方的经济和工业水平相对滞后,东北地区作为老工业基地,但近年来工业结构的调整和环境治理的改善使当地的霾日数逐渐减少. 相似文献
73.
Content and distribution of trace metals in surface sediments from the northern Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea and adjacent Arctic areas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Concentrations of trace metals (Zn, Cr, Cu, V, Cd and Pb), total organic carbon (TOC), black carbon (BC) and their granulometry were examined in 25 surface sediment samples from the northern Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea and adjacent areas. Trace metal concentrations in the sediments varied from 21.06-168.21 mg kg(-1) for Zn, 8.91-46.94 mg kg(-1) for Cr, 2.69-49.39 mg kg(-1) for Cu, 32.46-185.54 mg kg(-1) for V, 0.09-0.92 mg kg(-1) for Cd, and 0.95-15.25 mg kg(-1) for Pb. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) indicated that trace metal contamination (Zn and Cd) existed in some stations of the study area. The distribution of grain size plays an important role in influencing the distribution of trace metals (Zn, Cr, Cu, V, and Pb) in sediments from the Chukchi Sea and adjacent areas. 相似文献
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内江市近40年日照变化的统计特征 总被引:22,自引:1,他引:22
利用1960-1995年内江市各测站的逐月日照时数资料,分析了内江市近40年来日照的变化特征,发现区域平均日照以46.98小时/10年的倾向率减少,这种减少趋势主要表现在冬、夏两季。同时还检测出内江市区域平均年日照时数在1980年发生突变,共后进入一个相对少日照对段。 相似文献
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Zhang Lifei Sun Min Wu Jiahong Department of Geology Peking University Beijing Department of Earth Sciences University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Shenyang Institute of Geology Mineral Resources CAGS Shenyang Liaoning Liu Xinzhu 《《地质学报》英文版》1997,71(1):15-32
The Kuandian Complex is scarcely preserved Early Proterozoic volcanic suite, formed2.3-2.4 Ga ago. It is located in an Early Proterozoic mobile belt bounded by the ArchaeanRangrim and Ryonggang Blocks of the northeastern Sino-Korean Craton. The Complex ismainly made up of amphibolites, gneisses, leucoleptite, leptite and layered granite. Petrologicaland geochemical studies show that the protoliths of the Complex are mainly assoctations ofbimodal volcanics and anorogenic granites. The Kuandian amphibolites are depleted in Nb, Ta,P and Ti, and enriched in LILE, e.g. K, Rb and Cs, with pronounced depletion of Sr relative toNd and Pb; La/Nb ratios are higher than 1(1.75 to 5.18). The trace element patterns of theamphibolites are similar to continental flood basalts formed by the Gondwana break-up, suchas those in South Karoo and Tasmania, which shows continental contamination. ε_(Nd) valuesranging from 0.70 to 1.94 of the Kuandian amphibolites and the relationships between Nb/Yband La/Yb suggest that contamination of basaltic magma happened in the mantle, rather thanalong the conduit. Isotope ratios of ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb, ~(207)Pb/ ~(204)Pb, ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb, ~(143)Nd/~(144)Ndand ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr indicate that the magma was derived from a contaminated mantle source likeDMM or a mixture of DMM and EM2. The Kuandian Complex has Dupal anomaly, as is thecase with some continental basalts in the south hemisphere, e.g. in South Karoo and Tasmania.Petrochemical modelling proposes that the Kuandian gneiss, granite, and amphibolite camefrom the same parental magma, being products of strong fractional crystallization. Protoliths ofthe Kuandian Complex were formed in extensional tectonic setting during the transition fromcontinental crust to oceanic crust. The formation of the Kuandian Complex indicates that 2.3or 2.4 Ga ago tectonic evolution of the Sino-Korean craton was different from that of otherwell-studied Precambrian cratons, e.g. the North American shield, European platform andAustralian continent in that strong volcanic eruption resulted in its accretion. Besides, the con-taminated magma source with a Dupal anomaly for the Complex indicates that crust-mantleconvection whose scale was similar to that of the present plate tectonics had occurred at leastbefore the formation of the Kuandian Complex (2.3-2.4 Ga B.P). 相似文献
78.
Xiao-Qing Wen Hong Wu Chen Cao Xiao-Yang Xia Department of Physics Tianjin Normal University Tianjin National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2007,7(2):187-198
We made model fitting to the mid-to-far infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for different categories of galaxies in the main extragalactic field of the Spitzer First Look Survey with the aid of spectroscopic information from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We find that the mid-to-far infrared SEDs of HII galaxies, mixture type galaxies and LINERs can be well fitted by the one-parameter (α) dust model of Dale et al. plus the 13 Gyr dust-free elliptical galaxy model. The statistics of α values indicates that all these galaxies tend to be quiescent, although the HII galaxies are relatively more active than the LINERs. The mid- infrared SEDs of absorption galaxies are well fitted simply by the 13 Gyr dust-free elliptical galaxy template, and the near-to-mid infrared SEDs of QSOs can be represented by AGN NGC 5506. 相似文献
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80.
Jian ZHANG Guochun ZHAO LI Sanzhong Min SUN LIU Shuwen Xiaoping XIA Yanhong HE Department of Earth Sciences The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Ro Hong Kong College of Marine Geosciences Ocean University of Chin Qingdao Shandong 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(6):886-898
1 Introduction The North China Craton (NCC) is considered to be the oldest and largest cratonic block in China. Recent studies to gain understanding of basement architecture of the NCC has led to its division into the Western and Eastern Blocks, separated by a N-S trending Paleoproterozoic Trans-North China Orogen (TNCO) (Fig. 1; Zhao et al., 1998, 1999a, 2000a, 2001a; Wilde et al., 2002). Although there is now abroad consensus that the final assembly of the NCC was completed by th… 相似文献