From China’s Heavy Precipitation in 2020 to a “Glocal” Hydrometeorological Solution for Flood Risk Prediction

The prolonged mei-yu/baiu system with anomalous precipitation in the year 2020 has swollen many rivers and lakes,caused flash flooding,urban flooding and landslides,and consistently wreaked havoc across large swathes of China,particularly in the Yangtze River basin.Significant precipitation and flooding anomalies have already been seen in magnitude and extension so far this year,which have been exerting much higher pressure on emergency responses in flood control and mitigation than in other years,even though a rainy season with multiple ongoing serious flood events in different provinces is not that uncommon in China.Instead of delving into the causes of the uniqueness of this year’s extreme precipitation-flooding situation,which certainly warrants in-depth exploration,in this article we provide a short view toward a more general hydrometeorological solution to this annual nationwide problem.A“glocal”(global to local)hydrometeorological solution for floods(GHS-F)is considered to be critical for better preparedness,mitigation,and management of different types of significant precipitation-caused flooding,which happen extensively almost every year in many countries such as China,India and the United States.Such a GHS-F model is necessary from both scientific and operational perspectives,with the strength in providing spatially consistent flood definitions and spatially distributed flood risk classification considering the heterogeneity in vulnerability and resilience across the entire domain.Priorities in the development of such a GHS-F are suggested,emphasizing the user’s requirements and needs according to practical experiences with various flood response agencies.     

太行山南端浅层速度结构成像和隐伏断裂探测

利用太行山南端的深地震反射剖面数据,运用初至波层析成像方法反演得到该区域的浅层P波速度结构和基底面展布形态,发现剖面浅部的P波速度变化与沉积盖层厚度和断裂分布有着较好的对应关系。利用跨断裂完成的浅层地震反射剖面,对区域内2条第四纪隐伏活动断裂进行高分辨率成像。结果表明,汤西断裂为东倾的正断层,控制汤阴地堑的西边界,活动年代为中更新世;汤东断裂为西倾的正断层,是汤阴地堑的主控边界断裂,活动年代为晚更新世。     

主汛期降水量预测信号及方差权重方法的应用

为了制作四川盆地主汛期降水预报对相似方法作了改进,首先是根据四川盆地主汛期降水的前３个特征向量分别寻找有物理基础的前期信号作为预报因子,然后充分考虑各因子对总降水量贡献大小定义因子场的相似,确定相似年,最后引入“集成”的思想,由５个相似年的降水场得到预测年降水的定量客观预报。１９８１～１９９４共１４年的预报结果准确率高于当前业务预报水平。     

A SEARCH TECHNIQUE FOR CHOOSING OPTIMUM PARAMETERS IN NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION

The steepest descent(or ascent)search is employed for finding optimum diffusion coefficients in T42L9Gmodel,with a view to improving the model's computational stability or prediction accuracy.The method of thesteepest descent search is first described,in which the golden section search is chosen as the fundamental one-dimensional search used in the multi-dimentional steepest descent search,and then the optimization of the dif-fusion coefficients is described.     

论卫匡国之《中国新图志》的科学价值

论卫匡国之《中国新图志》的科学价值谭海红（北京图书馆）卫匡国，字济泰，西名马尔蒂诺·马尔蒂尼（ＭａｒｔｉｎｏＭａｒｔｉｎｉ），是我国明清时期的一位颇有国际影响的意丸利籍传教士、汉学家、地理学家和历史学家。他于１６１４年９月２０日诞生于意大利北部接近奥...     

东南亚夏季风中断、过渡与活跃期的区域能量学研究

对两次季风演变过程的能量学研究表明，季风演变具有鲜明的阶段性能量学特征。中断期，积云加热小，两个转换函数值很小；过渡期，积云加热增强明显，两个转换函数值迅速加大，边界输送作用也明显朝有利方向变化，同时，纬向平均气流变为向季风供应扰动动能；活跃期，大尺度加热变得重要，积云加热维持，两个转换函数也保持大的正值。分析表明，印度季风东传对东南亚季风活跃的触发作用是重要的，但季风活跃的维持则主要依靠区域内部能量学过程。     

坑内单层钻杆反循环水力连续取心的试验研究

岩心钻探是地质找矿的重要手段,提高钻进效率和取心效果一直是钻探工作者奋斗的目标。目前国外的取心钻进几乎均为金刚石钻进,而其中采用绳索取心的又占80—90％,因而绳索取心金刚石钻进技术在当前的岩心钻探中占统治地位,它与普通取心法相比,大大减少了起下钻杆的次数,从而增加了纯钻进时间,相应地提高了效率,并且可以不必过分追求回次进尺长度而影响岩心的完整性和采取率。但绳索取心仍然未能完全消除花费在取心上的非     

国产数据收集平台

气象科学研究院大气探测所在中国科学院空间中心、内蒙古自治区气象局的合作下,我国第一台SSP-1型数据收集平台(见封底),已于1987年5月9日在内蒙朱日和气象站安装完毕。并于当日格林威治时08~(12),将首次观测数据发向日本GMS静止气象卫星。通过GTS线路迅速传至北京气象中心,收到的报文齐全、记录准确。整个试用考验工     

发展粮食生产必须与气候资源相匹配

我县地处北亚热带南缘,是丘陵山区县,海拔200米以下种植双季稻产量不高不稳。近几年来我们开展调研,究其原因是粮食熟制与气候条件不匹配,应由三熟制调整为稻麦两熟,充分发挥气候资源的生产潜力。 1 热量资源变化 60年代以来,我县气候在变冷,变化特点是:冬变暖,夏变凉,春寒多,秋寒早。 1.1 气温:年平均气温80年代为15.6℃,分别比70年代和60年代偏低0.2℃和0.4℃,这与全球性的气候所谓变暖的趋势相反。但各月气温变化趋势不尽相同,除了1、10月和5、6月为升温或波动升温外,其它的月份为降温或波动降温。     

NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE MIXING OF UNSORTED SEDIMENT PARTICLES DISCHARGED INTO A CROSS-FLOW BY MULTIPHASE PARTICLE-IN-CELL （MP-PIC） METHOD

The mixing characteristics of dredged sediments of variable size discharged into cross-flow are studied by an Eulerian-Lagrangian method. A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model has been developed by using the modified k-ε parameterization for the turbulence in fluid phase/water and a Lagrangian method for the solid phase/sediments. In the model the wake turbulence induced by sediments has been included as additional source and sink terms in the k-ε model; and the trajectories of the sediments are tracked by the Lagrangian method in which the sediment drift velocities in cross-flow are computed by a multiphase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) method and the diffusion process is approximated by a random walk model. The hydrodynamic behavior of dumped sediment cloud is governed by the total buoyancy on the cloud, the drag force on each particle and velocity of cross-flow. The cross-flow destroys more or less the double vortices occurred in stagnant ambience and dominates the longitudinal movement of sediment cloud. The computed results suggest satisfactory agreement by comparison with the experimental results of laboratory.