气象服务文本产品的自动生成

目前气象信息文本的自动生成技术主要有2种基于文字替换的CWF(Computer-Worded Forecasting)技术和基于知识库的KBTG(Knowledge-Based Text Generation)技术.使用CWF技术进行文本的自动生成,技术较成熟、容易实现.文中阐述了使用CWF技术进行文本的自动生成过程中涉及的3个关键技术①自动、定时生成预报文本;②定义预报文本的输出格式;③使预报文本的表达更接近自然语言.     

A Peculiar Broad Line Radio Galaxy 1938-155： VLA Observation at 90 cm

We observed 1938-155, a broad line radio galaxy (BLRG), with the Very Large Array (VLA) at 90cm with an angular resolution of 6.8" × 4.0". The source consists of two components separated by 4 arcsec (- 20kpc, for H0 = 65km s-1 Mpc-1, q0 = 0.5) along the SE-NW direction. Both components show steep-spectra with a similar spectral index α - 0.83 ± 0.07 (Sv ∝ v-α). The bright double components are surrounded by a low-brightness cocoon. The radio properties of the two bright components are consistent with the hot spots produced by twin jets. An upper limit of - 0.0008 for the core dominance parameter (R) is inferred, suggesting there is no prominent radio core in the source. Assuming a modest viewing angle 30f77, a jet velocity is estimated - 0.07 c, based on the jet to counter-jet brightness ratio (J). The lower limit in jet speed inferred is consistent with no Doppler beaming effect on the jet. The radio galaxy 1938-155 could be an exceptional BLRG with no prominent radio core or jet.     

Annual change of the gonadal development of the amphioxus in Xiamen

The study was made by observing the annual change of the gonadal development of amphioxus in Xiamen cohtinuously for two years from November, 1986 to November, 1988. We determined the gonadal diameter, gonadosomatic index of each amphioxus, and observed the histological characteristic of the gonadal development of the female and male by cut section, which provided the basis for dividing the stages gonads and the determining level of the gonadal development of amphioxus in each month.     

青岛地区滨海及浅海砂矿

青岛地区目前已探明小型滨海砂矿床１处，矿点数十处，浅海砂矿异常区２处，本文就其分布和特征进行了综述。     

香港红树林区软体动物生态研究

1994年夏季(6月至9月)和冬季(1994年12月至1995年2月)对香港14片红树林的软体动物作了定性和定量调查。调査期间采到的软体动物已鉴定52种,其中腹足类45种,双壳类7种。采用 Bray-curtis 相似系数和逐步形成分类系统的方法进行聚类分析。基本上可分为4组断面,分别以粗束拟蟹守螺(Cerithidea djadjariensis )、奥莱彩螺(Clithon oualaniensis )、沟纹笋光螺(Terebralia sulcata )和红树拟蟹守螺(Cerithidea rhizophorarum)为第一密度优勢种。不同底质的红树林区软体动物组成有显著差异。污染可能是造成沙头角红树林区软体动物多样性低的重要环境因子。盐度和潮汐制约一些软体动物的垂直分布和水平分布,纵带滩栖螺(Batillaria zonalis )和多形滩栖螺(Batillaria multiformis )在红树林区海缘高密度栖息,分别高达120个/㎡和240个/㎡。在淡水注入的红树林区常有广盐性软体动物栖息,如中国绿螂(Glauconme chinensis)。     

Characteristic analysis on oxygen isotopic tracer in the East China Sea and waters to east of the Ryukyu－gunto

ＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎｏｘｙｇｅｎｉｓｏｔｏｐｉｃｔｒａｃｅｒｉｎｔｈｅＥａｓｔＣｈｉｎａＳｅａａｎｄｗａｔｅｒｓｔｏｅａｓｔｏｆｔｈｅＲｙｕｋｙｕ－ｇｕｎｔｏ￥ＨｏｎｇＡｓｈｉａｎｄＹｕａｎＹａｏｃｈｕ（ＴｈｉｒｄＩｎｓｔ...     

Disaster prevention design criteria for the estuarine cities: New Orleans and Shanghai The lesson from Hurricane Katrina

The accurate prediction of the typhoon （hurricane） induced extreme sea environments is very important for the coastal structure design in areas influenced by typhoon （hurricane）. In 2005 Hurricane Katrina brought a severe catastrophe in New Orleans by combined effects of hurricane induced extreme sea environments and upper flood of the Mississippi River. Like the New Orleans City, Shanghai is located at the estuarine area of the Changjiang River and the combined effect of typhoon induced extreme sea en- vironments, flood peak runoff from the Changjiang River coupled with the spring tide is the dominate factor for disaster prevention design criteria. The Poisson-nested logistic trivariate compound extreme value distribution （PNLTCEYD） is a new type of joint probability model which is proposed by compounding a discrete distribution （typhoon occurring frequency） into a continuous multivariate joint distribution （ typhoon induced extreme events）. The new model gives more reasonable predicted results for New Orleans and Shanghai disaster prevention design criteria.     

异枝麒麟菜的移植和人工栽培

1985年5月从菲律宾引进了异枝麒麟菜(Eucheuma striatunl)并在海南岛进行了实验生态学和栽培方法的研究。实验结果表明,适温在26°C左右、光强在140μE/(m~2·s)左右时,生长较快,日生长率可达10％左右。经两年的实验,找出了适宜于海南岛区域的水下筏式养殖法,目前正在实验推广中。     

精密单点定位不等精度观测值的RKF研究

推导了精密单点定位含有粗差观测数据的M-LS滤波原理,对等价权阵采用三段降权函数实现抗差。从新息和残差的协方差关系出发,利用对粗差敏感的残差标准差作为抗差因子。通过迭代减弱卫星间载波残差及其抗差因子的相关性。针对载波和伪距观测值不等观测精度和不相关性,采用双抗差因子实现静态抗差卡尔曼滤波（robust Kalman filtering,RKF）。采用标准卡尔曼滤波、基于新息RKF、基于残差的增益矩阵双抗差因子RKF、基于残差的等价权阵双抗差因子RKF等4种模型,分别对一组实测数据解算分析。结果表明,基于新息RKF对精度较高的载波粗差不敏感;基于残差的增益矩阵RKF对载波较小的粗差抗差效果较差,且发生粗差历元时刻的状态参数与真值偏差较大;而基于残差构造的等价权阵双抗差因子RKF可以非常精确和高效地实现抗差,单个卫星粗差对测站位置参数影响小于1 mm。     

Preliminary study on the distribution of nutrients, organic matter, trace metals in sea surface microlayer in Xiamen Bay and Jiulong Estuary

-The enrichment of nutrients (NOa-, NOa-, PO43-), suspended particles, organic matter (POC, PON,DOC) , and trace metals (Cu, Ni, Cd) was determined in the sea surface microlayer of Xiamen Bay and Jiulong Estuary. The mean enrichment factors ([Xi]microlayer/[Xi ]15cm in depth) mostly ranged between 1 . 0 and 2. 0. The dissolved forms were the major forms of the components measured, the enrichment of dissolved organic matter and suspended particles could lead to the changes in the total amount and speciation of nutrients and trace metals. No correlation was observed between sample concentrations, speciation, enrichment factors and sample locations. However, some evidence shows that these parameters are correlated with sea state, indicating the complexity and dynamic nature of the sea surface microlayer.