准噶尔盆地南缘三工河组和西山窑组辫状河三角洲水动力条件与砂体分布规模定量分析

不同主控水动力条件的三角洲具有不同的平面形态、砂体分布频率和规模尺寸.为了定量表征陆相三角洲的主控水动力条件,将其按水动力相对强度分为浪控、河流影响型浪控、波浪影响型河控、河控4类.实测层段的露头岩心柱状图定量分析结果表明三工河组为河流影响型浪控辫状河三角洲前缘沉积,而西山窑组为波浪影响型河控辫状河三角洲前缘沉积.两类辫状河三角洲前缘均主要发育3种类型的砂体,分别为水下分流河道、河口坝、席状砂.但河流影响型浪控辫状河三角洲前缘以席状砂为主,分布频率高达57％;波浪影响型河控辫状河三角洲前缘以水下分流河道和河口坝砂体为主,分布频率分别为42％和33％.河流影响型浪控辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道和席状砂的宽厚比均明显大于波浪影响型河控辫状河三角洲前缘相应砂体的宽厚比;河口坝砂体属于残余成因单元,宽厚比定量关系不明确.     

Chinese Continental Blocks in Global Paleocontinental Reconstruction during Paleozoic and Mesozoic

The Cambrian to Cretaceous paleomagnetic data from Chinese continental and adjacent blocks were collected using principles to obtain reliable and high-precision paleomagnetic data and to pay attention to the similarity of paleobiogeography and the coordination of tectonic evolution. The Chinese continental blocks were laid up on the reconstruction of proposed global paleocontinents with almost the same scale. Thus, it can be clearly recognized that the global continents, including Chinese continental blocks, range along latitudes on the southern side of the equator during the Early Paleozoic. In the Paleozoic, Chinese continental blocks were still located among the Laurentia, Siberia and Gondwana plates, following the fast moving of the Siberia Plate northwards, the amalgamation in a north-south direction at the western parts of the Laurentia and Gondwana plates, and the Iapetus and Rheic Oceans were subducted, eventually to form a uniform Pangea in the Late Paleozoic. The Australian and Indian plates of Eastern Gondwana moved and dispersed gradually southwards, continued to extend the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. The Chinese continental and adjacent blocks were still located in the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, preserved the status of dispersion, gradually moving northwards, showing characteristics of ranging along a north–south orientation until the Permian. In addition, a series of local collisions happened during the Triassic, and consequently most of the Chinese continental blocks were amalgamated into the Pangea, except for the Gangdise and Himalayan blocks. There was a counter-clockwise rotation of the Eastern Asian continent in the Jurassic and northwards migration of the Chinese continent in varying degrees during the Cretaceous, but the Himalayan and Indian plates did not collide into the Chinese continent during this period.     

水在千将坪滑坡中的作用机理

千将坪滑坡是三峡水库蓄水后,库区发生的第一例灾害性滑坡。本文以千将坪滑坡地质结构为基础,结合滑坡发育特征,采用敏感性分析方法,研究了水库蓄水和降雨作用下滑坡稳定性系数随着一系列对水作用敏感的滑坡参数的变化规律,探讨了水在千将坪滑坡中的定量作用机理。研究结果显示,水在千将坪滑坡的中的作用,以其对切层段泥岩抗剪强度的弱化作用对滑坡稳定性的影响最为显著,其余依次为对滑坡施加浮托力、弱化顺层段主滑带抗剪强度和增大滑体容重,地下水位上升、滑带内孔隙水压力增大对滑坡稳定性的影响微弱。千将坪滑坡的发生是三峡水库蓄水和持续性降雨叠加作用的结果,但是水库蓄水对滑坡稳定性的影响程度大于降雨,后者对滑坡的发生可能起了触发因素的作用。     

CO2地质封存盖层密闭性研究现状与进展

CO₂地质封存是应对全球性气候变化、减排温室气体的关键技术之一。大规模CO₂注入地层容易出现泄漏问题,尤其是通过盖层的泄漏,包括毛细管泄漏、盖层水力破裂和沿盖层既有断层的泄漏等。因此,盖层密闭性评价对CO₂地质封存长期安全稳定性的预测至关重要的。通过对密闭机理、影响因素、破坏模式等影响CO₂地质封存盖层密闭性的研究现状进行总结,发现盖层密闭机理包括毛细管封闭、水力封闭和超压封闭,影响盖层密闭性的主要因素有盖层岩性、盖地比特征、盖层厚度、盖层岩石力学性质和封存压力,进而对CO₂注入过程中盖层密闭性的破坏模式进行评价,并对盖层密闭性研究的不足提出了一些见解。     

Characteristics of Breccias and C-O-Sr-S Isotope Geochemistry of the Duocaima Pb-Zn Deposit in Tuotuohe, Qinghai Province: Implications for the Ore-forming Process

The Duocaima carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposit is a newly found large deposit in the southern area of Qinghai Province.In this paper, the characteristics, genesis, significance to Pb-Zn mineralization of the widely developed breccias, and the ore-forming process have been carefully studied based on geological documentation of drilling holes, microscopic observations of petrography and microstructure and some stable isotope measurements.Based on the compositions of the clast and matrix, the breccias can be classified into three types: limestone clasts cemented by marl; limestone clasts with fine-grained calcareous materials; and limestone clasts cemented by hydrothermal calcite.The mineralization in the first type of breccia is weak, whereas it is strong in the latter two types of breccias.According to the locations of occurrence and structural characteristics of the breccias along with the relationship between the breccias and mineralization, part of the limestone clasts that are cemented by marl and outcrop in the contact zone between the Wudaoliang Formation(Nw) and the underlying Jiushidaoban Formation(Pj) are attributed to synsedimentary fault-genetic breccia, whereas the last of the limestone clasts that are cemented by marl and developed in the Jiushidaoban Formation(Pj) are attributed to the breccia generated by karst cave collapse; the limestone clasts with fine-grained calcareous materials and the limestone clasts cemented by hydrothermal calcite are attributed to breccia formed by hydrothermal dissolution.The breccia formed by karst collapse had consistently evolved for a long period of time, while the breccias with other origins were formed around the period of mineralization(i.e., about or slightly later than 20–16 Ma).The breccia generated by karst cave collapse and hydrothermal dissolution are somewhat related; the formation of the breccia from karst cave collapse provided open space for the later mineralization and reaction between hydrothermal fluids and host rocks, and the subsequent strong dissolution by hydrothermal fluids transformed some of the breccia formed earlier by karst cave collapse.Meanwhile, carbonate host rocks with breccias and brecciaed mineralization can be a potential sign of Mississippi Valley Type(MVT) deposits and important indicators for regional mineral exploration.The δ13CV-PDB, δ18OVSMOW, and 87Sr/86 Sr values of hydrothermal calcite in the Duocaima deposit range from 4.3‰ to 7.1‰, 14.9‰ to 20.1‰, and 0.707494 to 0.708185, respectively; the δ13CV-PDB, δ18OV-SMOW, and 87Sr/86 Sr values of the host limestones of the Jiushidaoban Formation range from 3.6‰ to 5.3‰, 18.0‰ to 20.5‰, and 0.707372 to 0.707945, respectively.The δ13CV-PDB and 87Sr/86 Sr values of hydrothermal calcite and limestone are similar, indicating single sources of C and Sr in this deposit, with the likely source being the limestone of the Jiushidaoban Formation.The minor scattering of the δ18OV-SMOW values suggests that different O isotope fluids underwent the isotope exchange reaction.The C-O-Sr isotope characteristics indicate that the host limestones experienced a dissolution and precipitation process during mineralization, which is beneficial to improving the porosity of host rocks and promoting the precipitation of metal sulfides.The δ34SV-CDT value of the breccia-type mineralization sulfides ranges from-30.4‰ to-0.3‰; that is, the δ34SV-CDT value is negative with considerable variation, illustrating that during the breccia-type mineralization process, the bacteriogenic reduction of sulfates provided the vast majority of sulfur, whereas the thermochemical reduction of sulfates was relatively unimportant.The brecciation that occurred as a result of karst cave collapse was mainly generated by the dissolution of groundwater; however, the brecciation related to hydrothermal dissolution and mineralization processes were caused by mixing of different fluids.     

土壤铁锰结核中生命有关元素的化学地理特征

研究了我国亚热带、暖温带几种土壤铁锰结核中锰矿物的类型,探讨了它们形成的地球化学过程与特征。结果表明:不同土壤铁锰结核锰矿物的类型及其含量不尽相同,但锂硬锰矿普遍存在且结晶程度较高;与土壤相比,土壤铁锰结核的化学组成仍以Si、Al、Fe为主,但Fe含量超过了Al,Mn含量远大于Mg、Ca;结核中一些重金属富集顺序为Pb>Co>Ni>Cu>Zn>Cr;揭示了土壤铁锰结核形成过程中存在着成核富集作用、成矿作用、专性吸附作用和轻度积钙作用。     

罗甸县暴雨的时空分布特征分析

通过对1951—2020年罗甸县逐日降水观测资料、2010—2020年罗甸县各乡镇逐日降水观测资料的统计分析,计算出要素保证率80%的值,采用线性趋势分析、等值线分布、Mann-Kendal检验、Morlet小波方法分析罗甸县境内暴雨的时空分布特征。结果表明：近70 a罗甸县年暴雨日数、近11 a罗甸县各乡镇总年暴雨日数均缓慢增多,区域暴雨次数逐渐减少,在年际变化中,均存在显著的3 a左右周期振荡。暴雨集中发生在5—9月,近70 a占全年暴雨日数91%,各月暴雨日数时空分布差异显著,暴雨发生最多月份为6月,近70 a平均每年1.3 d,占全年暴雨日数的36%。各乡镇年平均暴雨日数分布区域性特征明显,存在2个多值区(西北部、东南部)和1个少值区(西南部)。暴雨多发生在夜间,尤其大暴雨以上量级降水在夜间发生的概率高达93%。降水强度等级从北向南逐级减小,与罗甸县略呈“撮箕口”朝南地形较一致,从西北、北、东北向南逐级减小,在西部、东北部存在较稳定的2个极端暴雨中心。各乡镇连续暴雨次数分布差异明显,呈北多南少分布。总体而言,西部在年暴雨日数、暴雨强度、连续暴雨次数及连续降水量均居全县首位,在天...     

乌东德库区泥石流灾害的成因及特征分析

金沙江河谷属泥石流多发地区之一。本文通过金沙江乌东德库区（龙川江-坝址段）地层岩性、地质构造、新构造运动、地形地貌以及气候条件等地质环境条件的调查研究,详细分析泥石流灾害的成因、类型以及分布特点。这一分析研究对水电站工程的建设和安全运行具有一定的现实意义。     

深地震反射剖面揭示的华北地块南缘地壳的精细结构

文中基于长100km的深地震反射剖面,揭示了秦岭造山带北缘和华北地块南缘交接部位的地壳精细结构和断裂的深、浅构造特征。结果显示,研究区地壳具有双层反射结构特征,莫霍面由一系列叠层状的弧形强反射构成,地壳厚约32～35km。上地壳内一系列方向不同、形态各异的反射波组分别对应秦岭北缘的逆冲推覆体及伸展构造环境下形成的沉积盆地。下地壳以错断莫霍面的地壳深断裂为界,具有南、北2段明显不同的反射结构。剖面南段以弧状强反射为主,北段由产状近水平或S倾的叠层状反射构成,暗示该区曾经历强烈、复杂的构造运动。剖面揭示的上地壳断裂控制了该区盆山构造的形成和地层沉积,错断莫霍面的地壳深断裂为深部物质的上涌和能量交换创造了条件,从而调节了地壳内部的物质构成和能量分配。     

The diffusion of Hong Kong cultural values to Mainland China: a case study in Shenzhen

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