低温对不同规格刺参幼参生长与耗氧率的影响

采用实验生态学方法, 选取（0.50±0.07）g（A）、（2.53±0.42）g（B）、（23.87±2.46）g（C）3 种不同规格的刺参（Apostichopus japonicus Selenta）幼参, 设置6℃（I）、8℃（II）、10℃（III）、13℃（IV）4 个不同温度处理组, 分析比较了低温对工厂...     

离体海带柄部“色环区”的再生实验

海带是一种大型的经济海藻,其孢子体由三种“器官”组成——叶片、柄和假根。海带是间生长。一般认为生长部在叶片的基部。生长部的细胞具有很强的分生能力,在海带生长过程中,不断地从叶片基部分生出新组织推动老组织向前延伸。在适宜环境条件下,新组织增长速度超过叶尖部老组织的脱落速度,结果就形成了海带叶片的增长。受精卵分裂后,一直到约100个细胞左右的小海带,藻体所有的细胞都有分裂能力。     

塔玛亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻对黑褐新糠虾和卤虫的急性毒性作用

以黑褐新糠虾和卤虫为实验材料,研究了两种典型有毒有害赤潮藻,塔玛亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻的毒性.结果表明塔玛亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻都能影响糠虾的存活,在9 h内塔玛亚历山大藻和赤湖异弯藻对糠虾的半致死浓度分别约为7000和450 000个/cm3;在24 h内塔玛亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻对卤虫存活没有显著影响,而赤潮异弯藻能对卤虫的活力产生强烈的抑制作用,0.1,1.5,5和24 h的半抑制浓度分别为15 000,7500,4500,3000个/cm3,但在赤潮异弯藻较低浓度为3000个/cm3时,经过48 h卤虫的运动能力能够恢复到正常水平.结果表明,这两种有害藻对同一种生物的毒性大小存在差异,而这两种甲壳类生物对同一种有害藻的反应也不相同.     

Indicators and impact analysis of sediment from the Changjiang Estuary and East China Sea to the Hangzhou Bay

Based on the historical evolution of the Hangzhou Bay, by making use of the conclusions made by the previous research workers and the integration of concrete data, five distinct impact indicators of the sediment from the Changjiang Estuary and the East China Sea to the Hangzhou Bay are summarized. Numerical calculation and analysis indicate that the scouring and deposition of seabed in the Hangzhou Bay are subject to the direct impact of the evolution of the Changjiang Estuary, and the growth and decline and the direction of the sandy bar at Nanhuizui give traces to the sediment transport between the Changjiang Estuary and the Hangzhou Bay. The transport of sediment from the Changjiang Estuary to the Hangzhou Bay occurs mainly in winter and spring seasons and the increase of the Changjiang River runoff and the decrease of sediment charge have caused scouring in the northern coast of the Hangzhou Bay and the seabed erosion along the frontal margin of the Changjiang River Delta.     

From China’s Heavy Precipitation in 2020 to a “Glocal” Hydrometeorological Solution for Flood Risk Prediction

The prolonged mei-yu/baiu system with anomalous precipitation in the year 2020 has swollen many rivers and lakes,caused flash flooding,urban flooding and landslides,and consistently wreaked havoc across large swathes of China,particularly in the Yangtze River basin.Significant precipitation and flooding anomalies have already been seen in magnitude and extension so far this year,which have been exerting much higher pressure on emergency responses in flood control and mitigation than in other years,even though a rainy season with multiple ongoing serious flood events in different provinces is not that uncommon in China.Instead of delving into the causes of the uniqueness of this year’s extreme precipitation-flooding situation,which certainly warrants in-depth exploration,in this article we provide a short view toward a more general hydrometeorological solution to this annual nationwide problem.A“glocal”(global to local)hydrometeorological solution for floods(GHS-F)is considered to be critical for better preparedness,mitigation,and management of different types of significant precipitation-caused flooding,which happen extensively almost every year in many countries such as China,India and the United States.Such a GHS-F model is necessary from both scientific and operational perspectives,with the strength in providing spatially consistent flood definitions and spatially distributed flood risk classification considering the heterogeneity in vulnerability and resilience across the entire domain.Priorities in the development of such a GHS-F are suggested,emphasizing the user’s requirements and needs according to practical experiences with various flood response agencies.     

基于TOPSIS-PSR模型下的海南省城市用地评价

基于PSR城市土地集约利用评价指标体系,科学采用TOPSIS评价法,综合分析了海南省18个市(县)土地集约利用程度。结果表明:由于受到经济发展水平和自然条件等因素的影响,海南省整体土地集约利用水平较低,空间差异化显著。省内东南西北四翼(海口、三亚、琼海和儋州)以及东部沿海城市的集约利用程度较高,西部以及中部山区城市土地集约度较低。建议未来着重发展中西部地区,结合海岛城市发展的特点合理规划土地利用,有效挖掘城市土地潜力,促进城市土地合理利用。本研究可以为未来的海南省土地利用政策制定提供决策支持。     

土壤墒情观测常见问题及排除经验

针对土壤墒情观测编发报及应用中常遇到的问题,寻找问题的排除方法。     

A SEARCH TECHNIQUE FOR CHOOSING OPTIMUM PARAMETERS IN NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION

The steepest descent(or ascent)search is employed for finding optimum diffusion coefficients in T42L9Gmodel,with a view to improving the model's computational stability or prediction accuracy.The method of thesteepest descent search is first described,in which the golden section search is chosen as the fundamental one-dimensional search used in the multi-dimentional steepest descent search,and then the optimization of the dif-fusion coefficients is described.