长江经济带地质环境综合调查工程进展与主要成果

为保护长江生态环境,近年来,中国地质调查局组织实施了“长江经济带地质环境综合调查工程”。通过采用环境地质调查、评价、监测以及专题研究和综合研究相结合等方法,取得了一批重要成果和认识: ①初步构建了长江经济带地质资源环境综合信息管理与服务平台,系统梳理了长江经济带与重点区域的资源环境条件和重大地质问题,提出相关建议; ②创新地将“光纤技术”应用于地面沉降和地裂缝监测,相关成果引领了光纤监测技术发展; ③编制了1:5万比例尺的环境地质调查技术标准和要求; ④创新形成了3个层次环境地质调查合作机制,探索建立了3种尺度资源环境承载能力评价方法体系和大流域环境地质工作模式; ⑤建立了江汉平原地球关键带监测网络,编制了平原区地球关键带调查技术方法指南; ⑥提出了长江流域重大水利工程与生态地质环境多元响应研究思路,创新构建了一套多模态传感器调查系统,提出了重大水利工程对地质环境影响新判断; ⑦建立了长江中下游不同沉积单元区第四纪地层多重划分对比序列,构建了重点地区第四系三维地质结构模型,提出了长江贯通时限和演化新认识; ⑧编制了流域、经济区和城市系列地质调查报告和图集,成果转化与服务成效显著。该工程进展及成果提升了长江经济带地质调查工作水平,可为区域国土空间规划、绿色生态廊道打造、立体交通走廊建设、产业转型升级、新型城镇化建设以及脱贫攻坚工作等提供科技支撑。     

西藏羌塘盆地北部托纳木地区上侏罗统雪山组沉积相

羌塘盆地地处藏北高原,其南、北边界分别为班公错一怒江缝合带与拉竹龙一金沙江缝合带,盆地面积约18×10⁴km²,可进一步分为羌北坳陷、中央隆起带和羌南坳陷3个二级构造单元.双湖托纳木地区地处羌北坳陷南部,与中央隆起带毗连,广泛发育上侏罗统雪山组沉积,垂向上由3个沉积旋回组合构成,总体显示为一个向上变粗的充填序列.雪山组发育扇三角洲相和冲积扇相,其中雪山组一段为前扇三角洲亚相沉积;二段为扇三角洲前缘亚相和扇三角洲平原亚相沉积,扇三角洲前缘亚相分为水下分流河道、河口坝和远砂坝沉积,扇三角洲平原亚相发育天然堤和分流河道沉积;三段为冲积扇相沉积,包括扇端和扇中沉积.雪山组沉积的物源来自西南部的中央隆起带.     

贵州省贞丰县水银洞超大型金矿床地质特征及构造控矿分析

水银洞超大型金矿位于国家级南盘江-右江成矿区带北部,探明金资源量超过290 t,矿体埋深150 1 400 m,为隐伏金矿床。根据水银洞金矿中矿段成矿模式,开展东部大尺度找矿预测,实施深部钻探验证,实现贵州省金矿二度空间找矿重大突破,是理论指导找矿的典范。主要矿体呈层状、似层状及透镜状赋存于茅口组与龙潭组之间的构造蚀变体(SBT)和龙潭组生物碎屑灰岩中,矿床受构造控制明显,灰家堡背斜为主要控矿构造。背斜轴部平缓构造简单地段,矿体只产于SBT中;背斜轴线起伏、倾伏角变化、轴线转向突出、轴面倾斜、隐伏断裂发育等地段,在SBT、P3l、P3c、P3d、T1y1中均有矿体产出,层控矿体主要产出P3l中部,同时有断裂型矿体产出;特别是深部不协调过渡转折地段是金矿体集中产出部位。     

不同卸荷速率下矩形巷道变形及声发射特性试验研究

为研究矩形巷道在不同开挖卸荷速率条件下的变形规律和声发射特性,使用水泥砂浆矩形巷道围岩试件进行快、慢速开挖卸荷试验,得到顶板、隅角、帮部围岩的应变特征和声发射(AE)撞击计数、能量、频谱的演化特点。试验结果表明:(1)快速卸荷,应变释放率高,卸荷后变形不稳定;而慢速卸荷,围岩应力充分调整,有利于应变的充分释放,卸荷后变形相对稳定。(2)矩形巷道的快、慢速卸荷,均以顶板和帮部围岩的径向受拉、隅角围岩的切向受压变形为主;随围岩深度增加,卸荷效应的影响逐渐减弱。(3)两种卸荷速率的AE撞击计数和能量演化特征与应变特性形成良好对应,揭示了围岩内部裂隙与损伤随开挖卸荷的发展过程;峰值频率区段变宽和高幅值信号的峰值频率在某一频段增多的现象可看作围岩发生主破裂的前兆信息。(4)快速卸荷,顶板和帮部周边产生大块剥落现象;而慢速卸荷,顶板和帮部周边每隔一段距离产生垂直于隅角的贯通裂缝,碎胀现象明显但未脱落;两者的隅角围岩破坏程度均较小。     

三轴作用下的小型围岩试件在开挖卸荷过程中的声发射特征

为了获得巷道围岩开挖卸荷过程中的声发射特征与开挖卸荷状态之间的关系,使用水泥砂浆厚壁圆筒围岩试样,开展开挖卸荷条件下3种不同卸荷速度的声发射试验研究。利用自主研发的小型巷道围岩开挖卸荷模型试验系统,声发射系统及变形监测系统采集试样卸荷过程中的声发射时频信号及变形信息,并对声发射b值进行研究。研究发现：（1）试验过程具有4个特征阶段：加载段―维持段Ⅰ―卸荷段―维持段Ⅱ,这4个阶段与振铃累计曲线有良好对应关系。（2）加载段,高频高幅信号较多,分布范围广,试样内部原始裂隙在三向应力作用下压密明显;维持段Ⅰ,高频高幅信号明显减小,分布范围变窄,试样三向持续压密,变形微小;卸荷段,高、低频信号增多,幅度增加,应变率较高,变形增加速度快,卸荷对试样内侧影响效应更显著;维持段Ⅱ,较慢速卸荷的高幅信号持续增多,内外侧以较低应变率持续产生变形。（3）卸荷速度越大,卸荷段振铃累计曲线出现“陡升”的幅度越高,维持段Ⅱ“陡升”出现越早,幅度越小。（4）卸荷速度增大,b值整体量值减小且越趋于小波幅平稳变化,相对声发射大事件占比提高,破裂尺度更大。     

Will the Globe Encounter the Warmest Winter after the Hottest Summer in 2023?

In the boreal summer and autumn of 2023, the globe experienced an extremely hot period across both oceans and continents. The consecutive record-breaking mean surface temperature has caused many to speculate upon how the global temperature will evolve in the coming 2023/24 boreal winter. In this report, as shown in the multi-model ensemble mean(MME) prediction released by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a medium-to-strong eastern Pacific El Ni?o event wil...     

一种基于小波变换的图像融合方法

针对传统基于方向对比度的小波变换融合方法所得结果局部区域清晰度不高的问题,本文在高低频分量的处理方法上作了改进,采用Tenunbaum梯度辅助增强图像的细节信息。试验结果表明,该方法所得融合结果边缘细节更清晰,信息量更大,融合效果较好。     

The Characteristics of the Hydrothermal Exhalative Dolostone of Lucaogou Formation in Santanghu basin and its Geology Setting Indication

The NW-SE trending Santanghu basin is located in Xinjiang,NW China,between Tianshan Mountains and Altai Mountains.The tectonic evolution history of north Xinjiang has long been debated,especially the question when did that area began its intraplate rift evolution stage.This abstract discusses the features and possible origin of the hydrothermal exhalative dolostone of Lucaogou Formation in Santanghu basin,aiming to provide relevant information about this question.The target dolostone are characterized by extreme thin lamina of 0.3cm–1 cm thick.Dolomite,ankerite,potassium feldspar and analcite are dominant composition.Most dolomite is poor crystallized and is in anhedral or subhedral shapes.Ankerite is generally porphyritic,few is in irregular shapes.It has to be noted that the porphyritic ankerite commonly develop zonal textures characterized by rings with various Fe O content.Potassium feldspar and analcite(50%)are commonly observed in dolostones.Thin sections show some analcite is tetragonal trisoctahedron with harbour–like corrosion rims.Besides,few fragments of carbonatite rocks are observed in Lucaogou Formation and they perform intermittent or scattered distribution in rock layers.Previous work done by our study team showsδ13C PDB values are 4.8‰~11.4‰,6.93‰on average.Theδ18 O PDB values are between-5‰~-21.1‰,-10.94‰on average.Paleosalinity calculated byδ13C andδ18 O is between 128.35 and 136.81,134.42 on average.Sr content of dolostones in study area reaches to164×10-6~537×10-6(379.1×10-6 on average),most dolostone in target area are between 0.70457~0.706194, average at 0.705360.Considering either accompanying residual tuff or residual leucite is found via electron probe,this indicates the analcite may derive form analcime phonolite.Furthermore,fragments of carbonatite rocks proves mantle-derived magmatism exist.The rapid variation ofδ18 O indicates multiple interactions of hydrothermal fluids with lake water during Lucaogou sedimentary period.87Sr/86Sr values are much lower than that of crustal silica rocks while are more close to mantle derived rocks,which indicates diagenetic hydrothermal fluid is mantle-origin.It has been reported that dolostone does not intergrow with iron-rich dolostone in study area.According to the latest X diffraction results of cores,iron-rich dolostone distributes rather locally.Given that ankerite commonly develop zonal textures characterized by various Fe O content,we confirm it is due to multiple hydrothermal fluids activities in different hydrothermal vents.There should be abundant hydrothermal vents during Lucaogou period.Deep faults and its relevant fractures built plenty paths for mantle-origin hydrothermal fluids to run up.Different vents owned various fluid properties,so did relevant sedimentation products.Hence we inclined to believe Santanghu basin was at intraplate rift evolution stage,under regional extension condition in late Carboniferous.During early-mid Permian the basin was a starved,deep lacustrine intracontinental rift basin.Accordingly,in northern Xinjiang,ocean basin may close in late Carboniferous and started continental sedimentary development in early Permian.     

太康M_S4.7地震目标区浅层结构探测

2010-10太康地区发生的M_S4.7地震和许昌-太康断裂的活动构造有关,而许昌-太康断裂在地表未留下任何构造痕迹,处于隐伏构造和隐伏活动状态。为了研究该区域的地壳浅部结构、断裂的空间展布及断裂的活动性,2015-10在太康县城以西震中区域完成了3条跨许昌-太康断裂的浅层地震反射剖面。结果表明,在深度1 000m以内,地震剖面揭示了5条断裂特征清楚的正断层,其中位于剖面南部向北倾的4条断层和位于剖面北部1条向南倾的断层形成相向倾斜关系,剖面上能分辨的断裂深度在75~150m之间,到达第四系地层,并且处于活动构造状态,这些断层可能和太康多次发生的地震有关。     

基于城镇化背景下的城郊土地利用模拟研究——以广州市花都区为例

本文以广州市花都区1990年和2008年TM影像作为数据源,在分析花都区2个时期土地利用格局时空特征的基础上,结合人工神经网络与元胞自动机(ANN-CA)模型对研究区的土地利用空间布局进行模拟。研究表明:根据研究需求构建的ANN-CA模型在实际模拟过程中无需人工定义模型结构和转换规则,只需通过3层神经网络即可模拟复杂的城市形态。因此,通过构建ANN-CA模型对土地利用空间布局进行模拟,可以合理预测城市土地利用发展趋势,具有较强的科学性和可靠性。