Some Fundamental Problems of Geodynamics and Application of Earth Observations by Space-Based Measurements

Although great-progress has been made in the earth sciences,some fundamental problems of geodynamics remain unsolved.They are concerned with the whole earth as well as regional tectonics,such as the west Pacific and Qinghai-Xizhang plateau.The new generation of earth observation by space-based measurement will contribute to solving these problems of geodynamics.In this regard,some specific plans about application of these techniques are suggested in this paper.     

我国第二个大气本底污染监测站在临安投入业务工作

由国家气象局直接投资、联合国世界气象组织资助的我国第二个大气本底污染监测站于今年五月在临安建成,各种探测仪器经过三个月的调试,运行正常,监测数据达到设计要求,目前已正式投入业务工作。大气本底污染监测要求没有人为污染源,通过大气浑浊度、空     

岩质边坡锚固力求解的块体极限平衡理论改进

发育大量节理且走向平行于边坡、倾向坡内的岩石边坡容易发生倾覆破坏.治理此类边坡使用最多且最有效的工程措施就是锚杆,或削方减缓坡角,因此,求解锚杆的合理锚固力至关重要.为此,在考虑了块体的倾覆失稳与滑动失稳时,Goodman and Bray提出了块体极限平衡理论.它是在块体理论的基础上提出来的,假设条件与块体理论一致,与块体理论相比,极限平衡理论考虑了倾覆破坏.极限平衡理论认为块体宽度t是均一的.已有研究发现,块体宽度t对锚固力的影响作用较大当宽度t很大时,块体很稳定,不需要支护;随着t的减少,锚固力渐渐增大;当t趋于0时,锚固力存在一个渐进值,在许多情况下,这个值不是无穷大.为了求得最大的锚固力,本文用积分方法对一个等效均质边坡推导了求解锚固力的一般表达式,列举了主要的步骤.该方法的基本思路如下在块体理论与块体极限平衡理论的基础上,假设块体宽度为无穷小(dx),这时整个边坡没有稳定区域(除非滑动面水平),根据边坡的两种破坏模式(即滑动破坏与倾覆破坏)把极限平衡理论的方程变为微分方程,然后从边坡后缘往前缘积分,得出求解锚固力的一般表达式.用该方法求得的锚固力为上限值,但是在坡高比块体厚度大20～30倍时,此解是比较符合实际的;当块体厚度比较大时,所需的锚固力可适当减少.这样避免了锚固力太小而造成的工程失稳现象或锚固力太大而造成的经济损失.     

辽西凌源河坎子碱性杂岩体地球化学特征及地质意义

分析测定了河坎子碱性杂岩体的稀土、微量元素和Sr、Nd、Pb同位素数据 ,对该杂岩体形成的构造背景、源区特征及意义进行了讨论。河坎子碱性杂岩体稀土元素总量较高 ,富集LREE和大离子亲石元素 ,Eu呈弱负异常或异常不明显 ,Nb、Ta、K、P、Ti和Y呈负异常 ,过渡族元素含量偏低。稀土和微量元素分布模式与辽东凤城碱性杂岩体相似。主侵入期 4个全岩加 1个黑云母样品的全岩矿物Rb_Sr等时线年龄为 2 2 1.4± 8.5 (2σ)Ma ,属于印支期碱性岩浆活动。该岩体的εSr(t)均为正值 ,平均 7.2 3,ISr=0 .70 4 77± 0 .0 0 0 15 ,εNd(t)均为负值。微量元素和Sr、Nd及Pb示踪同位素特征显示其源区与EMⅠ型富集地幔端员有关。河坎子碱性杂岩体地球化学特征不仅揭示了华北地台北缘东部上地幔在三叠纪时具有富集性 ,而且也显示了辽东地区比辽西地区更富集的特点。河坎子碱性杂岩体形成于板内拉张环境 ,岩浆作用以批式部分熔融占主导地位。     

岩溶区土洞地基稳定性分析

地下水产生的潜蚀作用和崩解作用,对地基中土洞发育乃至破坏失稳有重要的影响。根据弹性理论及相关分析,可以获得地基中土洞周边土体的应力状态,再利用莫尔-库仑屈服准则,对其进行安全稳定性判别。结合工程实例计算,发现地下水位变化将导致土洞周边土体应力状态发生明显改变,并有可能导致土洞地基破坏失稳。     

Hebeigramma nom.nov.,a new name for Mesogramma Hong,1984 (Caloneurodea) from the Lower Cretaceous of Hebei Province,China

1984年，笔者发表河北早白垩世华脉目（Caloneurodea)的中华脉科、属：Mesogrammatidae Hong,1984和Mesogramma Hong,1984。属名与1850年Stephens采用过的鳞翅目Mesogramma属和1865，1872，Loew采用过的双翅目Mesograpta属是异物同名，必须废除笔者后来建立的科、属学名、重新命名，以维护《法规》中命名优先权的原则。故原Mesogramma Hong，1984属名重新命名为Hebeigramma nov.nov.,原Mesogrammatidae Hong，1984科名随属名的更改而重新命名为Hebeigrammidae nom.nov.,在此申明。     

热带平流层臭氧准两年周期振荡的特征及数值模拟

利用HALOE的观测资料、对热带地区平流层臭氧垂直分布的年际变化及其准两年周期振荡（QBO）进行研究，并同赤道上空平均的纬向风场的准两年周期振荡进行了模拟研究。资料分析结果表明，平流层臭氧浓度高值区的位置在南北方向上和垂直方向上的有明显的准两年周期，臭氧浓度高值中心的南北移动和上下移动又引起局地臭氧总量的周期性变化和准两年周期振荡南北半球不对称。而臭氧浓度中心位置的准两年周期变化与赤道上空平均纬向风的准两年周期振荡密切相关。资料分析还表明，赤道上空平流层中臭氧浓度QBO的位相随高度变化多次。模拟试验表明，纬向风QBO引起垂直经圈环流的变化，在平流层有三对余差环流圈。它们对O3在不同纬度和高度的输送是引起O3准两年周期振荡的重要动力原因。其中，余差环流在平流层中层（25－35km)的环流圈起着重要的作用。     

Clustering stream profiles to understand the geomorphological features and evolution of the Yangtze River by using DEMs

Stream morphology is an important indicator for revealing the geomorphological features and evolution of the Yangtze River.Existing studies on the morphology of the Yang-tze River focus on planar features.However,the vertical features are also important.Vertical features mainly control the flow ability and erosion intensity.Furthermore,traditional studies often focus on a few stream profiles in the Yangtze River.However,stream profiles are linked together by runoff nodes,thus affecting the geomorphological evolution of the Yangtze River naturally.In this study,a clustering method of stream profiles in the Yangtze River is proposed by plotting all profiles together.Then,a stream evolution index is used to investigate the geomorphological features of the stream profile clusters to reveal the evolution of the Yangtze River.Based on the stream profile clusters,the erosion base of the Yangtze River generally changes from steep to gentle from the upper reaches to the lower reaches,and the evolution degree of the stream changes from low to high.The asymmetric distribution of knickpoints in the Hanshui River Basin supports the view that the boundary of the eastward growth of the Tibetan Plateau has reached the vicinity of the Daba Mountains.     

Distribution and land use characteristics of alluvial fans in the Lhasa River Basin,Tibet

In Lhasa River Basin (LRB),land suitable for settlement or living is experiencing a shortage of resources.Alluvial fans have the potential to alleviate this problem.However,basic information,such as the distribution and land use types of alluvial fans,is rarely studied.In this study,Google Earth,ArcGIS and visual interpretation were used to obtain the outlines,areas,quantities and distribution of alluvial fans.Meanwhile,to show the utilisation potential of alluvial fans,we analysed the land use,their distance from the roads,places (town and village) and rivers.The results showed 826 alluvial fans exist in LRB,with a total area of 1166.03 km2.The number of alluvial fans with areas between 0.1 and 1 km2 is 517,ac-counting for 62.59％ of the total number of alluvial fans.Grassland is the dominant land use type,accounting for 68.70％ of the total area of alluvial fans.The cropland area accounted for 2.16％ of alluvial fans and accounted for 18.98％ of the total cropland area in LRB.Exactly 93.70％,53.63％ and 61.86％ of the total number of alluvial fans were located within 5 km from the tertiary road,village,and river,respectively.To sum up,our survey results showed that alluvial fans are important land resources in LRB and may have huge utilisation potential.     

Analysis of the Impact of Source Region Structures on Seismological Parameter Scanning

By taking moderate-strong earthquakes in South,North and West China as the research subjects and taking into consideration the fault strikes in these regions,this paper selects 8 kinds of seismology indexes with clear physical significance and strong independence to carry out spatial scanning of the parallel,vertical and oblique slip of fault along the fault strike.Based on the size of correlation coefficients between the scanning curve and source region curve we quantitatively analyze the difference between scan results among different slip modes and study the impact of fault strike in different tectonic divisions on scanning results and variation rules of seismological parameters.The results show that not only does the change of spatial parameters have a great influence on seismological parameter scanning,but so does the fault strike in the source region.This paper presents the optimum condition parameters with least spatial influencing scanning scope for different magnitude seismology indexes and analyzes the possible influence of fault strike on seismological parameter scanning results.