文峪金矿成矿物理化学条件及深部预测研究

通过对含金石英脉中矿物包裹体的研究，探讨了文峪金矿形成的物理化学条件，指出文峪金矿是在地表较浅部位形成的中－低温热液型矿床，其成矿母液为低盐度Ｎａ－Ｃａ－Ｃｌ－ＣＯ２系列热液流体。运用了包体测温和包体化学成分以及盐度、密度等资料，对该矿进行了深部成矿预测，认为文峪金矿深部有宫金矿体存在，具有广阔的找矿勘探前景。     

金矿遥感找了模式探讨

根据金矿成矿特点及控矿因素分析，通过成矿信息与遥感信息两者内在联系分析，探讨了遥感综合信息找矿模式的方法，及找矿模式尺度、适用范围和注意的问题。并以秦岭地区金矿为例尝试性地建立了遥感综合找金模式。     

中国科学院三江平原沼泽湿地生态试验站水位增温协同控制样地设计与建设

在中国科学院三江平原沼泽湿地生态试验站的毛薹草(Carex lasiocarpa)沼泽中,建成了水位增温协同控制样地。通过水位自动控制设备,实现了沼泽湿地中的原位水位控制,在保持微气候与天然湿地一致的同时,可以对水位进行精确的控制。同时,为了研究全球变化背景下水位与气温对湿地生态系统的协同作用,选择了4种水位(-20 cm、-10 cm、0 cm和10 cm),采用开顶箱(open top chamber,OTC)被动增温方法,进行水位增温协同控制。在该控制样地中,设置了包括水位与增温交互控制在内的6种处理,每种处理重复布设5个样方,共计30个样方,每个样方的水位独立控制。该控制样地的建成将为湿地生态系统过程与功能的相关研究提供强有力的实验支撑。     

Preparation and Structural Investigation of CuCl2 Graphite Intercalation Compounds

Superfine graphite powder was prepared by ball-milling exfoliated graphite containing anhydrous CuCl2 in planetary ball milling systems. Nano-scale CuCl2 graphite intercalation compounds were synthesized by heating a mixture of anhydrous CuCl2 and graphite nanosheets. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were performed to characterize the microstructures of stage-1 nano-scale CuCl2 graphite intercalation compounds. The structure and components of the domain wall and core in the nano-scale CuCl2 graphite intercalation compounds are described. The results show that the content of CuCl2 in the mixture plays a crucial role in the size of the nano-scale CuCl2 graphite intercalation compound.     

Application of a nondestructive method to evaluate the active layer in a cold region

To provide a safe transportation system in an extremely cold region,evaluation needs to be conducted of the thickness and the volumetric water content of the active layer,as they significantly affect frost heave.The objective of this study was to evaluate the dielectric constant(κ)of the active layer using ground-penetrating radar(GPR)and a dynamic cone penetrometer(DCP);this evaluation was then used to estimate the thickness and the volumetric water content of the active layer.A field located in midwest Alaska was selected as the study site.A GPR survey and two DCP tests were conducted on the surface of the ground,and the ground temperature was measured.From the GPR survey,travel times of the electromagnetic wave in the active layer were obtained.In addition,the thickness of the active layer was determined by using the dynamic cone penetration index(DCPI)and ground temperature.By using the travel time and travel distance of the electromagnetic wave in the active layer,dielectric constants were calculated as 26.3 and 26.4 for two DCP points.From the mean dielectric constant,the volumetric water content was estimated to be 40%~43%,and the thickness of the active layer was evaluated along the GPR survey line.The spatial-scaled GPR image showed that the thickness of the active layer varied from 520 mm to 700 mm due to the presence of a puddle,which accelerated the heat exchange.The results show that evaluation of the dielectric constant using the GPR survey and the DCP test can be effectively used to estimate the thickness and the volumetric water content of the active layer.     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON WAVE ENERGY DISSIPATION AND COHESIVE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN SILT COAST

EmmmL STonY ON w^rs EareGY DlsSunnox AunCOIIES1VE SEDonT TRANSPORT 1N SirT COASTShaong HUl and Onyx WAI2Abstract:The interahon betwee the wave and fluld mud laye Plays an twrtan fOle in the develOPmen ofsilt coast. Sediment is essenhally transported in the form of rheological flow of mud laye unds thewave achon, and on the other hand, the fluid Inud layer dams the wave consfory. ms papestUdies the laws of wave energy dissiPation and mud bed deformhon, and the moveInen of…     

藏东地区新生代构造体系与成矿的关系

区域构造和微构造分析表明，新生代藏东地区构造应力场自印支燕山期的NE-SW向挤压向喜马拉雅山期的NNE-SSW向压扭性转变，表现在：（1）沿昌都地块两侧及古生代一中生代形成的深大断裂带发生了大规模的右旋走滑活动，伴重型较强的碎裂岩化、拉伸线埂和剑鞘褶皱等，沿主断裂两侧叠加一系列NW、NNW及NE向雁行式排列的褶皱和张扭性断裂；（2）在区域上，沿大规模右旋走滑断裂两侧形成一系列雁行式排列的第三系走滑拉分盆地；（3）新生代岩浆活动沿走滑断裂两侧的张扭性次级断裂有规律分布，新生代构造体制的转变造成大规模成矿流体与富集，使新生代成为本区最重要的成矿时期，而北澜沧江，妥坝、温泉断裂带及车所乡断裂带北段是该期矿产最有利的富集部位。     

从一幅德文地图看清北京城的布局——介绍一幅1903年的北京城图

笔者在整理资料中,见到了北京图书馆珍藏的一幅德文清北京城图。此图系1900年八国联军攻占北京后德国测绘部门完成的一幅实测地图,比例尺为1:17500,出版时间是1903年。它远较明清以来一些非实测的北京城图内容丰富、详尽。清乾隆年间的《京城全图》是北京最早的一幅实测大比例尺地图,虽然十分精细,但图幅过大,不便一目了然。而这幅德文清北京城图不仅精确,而且易读。图一打开,整个北京城跃然纸上,从图上我们可以清楚地看到北京城的全貌及城市布局。     

冈底斯岩基中包体的初步研究

本文综合国内外研究成果对花岗岩中岩石包体进行成因归类,指出对其研究的理论和实际意义。以岩相学为基础,讨论冈底斯岩基中镁铁质包体的类型及形成机理,揭示冈底斯各单元岩浆作用初期的演化过程。     

The mechanism of surface chemical kinetics of dissolution of minerals

This paper deals with the mechanism of dissolution reaction kinetics of minerals in aqueous solution based on the theory of surface chemistry.Surface chemical catalysis would lead to an obvous decrease in active energy of dissolution reaction of minerals.The dissolution rate of minerals is controlled by suface adsorption,surface exchange reaction and desorption,depending on pH of the solution and is directly proportional to δH^n0 ,When controlled by surface adsorption,i.e.,nθ=1,the dissolution rate will decrease with increasing pH;when controlled by surface exchane reaction,i.e.,nθ=0,the dissolution rate is independent of pH;when controlled by desorption,nθis a positive decimal between 0 and 1 in acidic solution and a negative decimal between-1 and 0 in alkaline solution.Dissolution of many minerals is controlled by surface adsorption and/or surface exchange reactions under acid conditions and by desorption under alkaline conditions.