Inhomogeneous features in mel-yu frontal cloud system

The structure of radar echo in stratiform cloud which was found in mei-yu frontal cloud system is generally inhomogeneous, especially in the structure of bright band echoes. The inhomogeneous structure of warm region in stratiform cloud and the shower feature of precipitation are closely related to the inhomogeneous structure of bright band and convective cells embedded in stratiform cloud.During Summer time the mei-yu cloud system is an important precipitating system in the southern part of China. To study its structure is of great significance for weather forecast and understanding the physical processes of cloud and precipitation. Therefore, we have observed mei-yu frontal cloud system by use of 711 type radar (3 cm) and airplane at Tunxi, Anhui Province since 1979. It was found that the structure of stratiform cloud, especially the structure of its warm region appears to be inhomogeneous1),2). This is a significant feature of cloud structure in mei-yu frontal cloud system. In this paper, we shall further analyse this inhomogeneous structure of stratiform cloud and study its effect on the precipitation.     

Weakening of Interannual Variability in the Summer East Asian Upper-tropospheric Westerly Jet since the Mid-1990s

In this study,we found that the intensity of interannual variability in the summer upper-tropospheric zonal wind has significantly weakened over Northeast Asia and the subtropical western North Pacific(WNP) since the mid-1990s,concurrent with the previously documented decrease of the westerly jet over North China and Northwest China.Corresponding to this weakening of zonal wind variability,the meridional displacement of the East Asian westerly jet(EAJ) manifested as the leading mode of zonal wind variability over the WNP and East Asia(WNP-EA) before the mid-1990s but not afterward.The energetics of the anomalous pattern associated with the meridional displacement of the EAJ suggests that barotropic energy conversion,from basic flow to anomalous patterns,has led to the weakening of the variability in the EAJ meridional displacement and to a change in the leading dominant mode since the mid-1990s.The barotropic energy conversion efficiently maintained the anomalies associated with the variability in the EAJ meridional displacement during 1979-1993 but acted to dampen the anomalies during 1994-2008.A further investigation of the energetics suggests that the difference in the patterns of the circulation anomaly associated with either the first leading mode or the meridional displacement of the EAJ,i.e.,a southwest-northeast tilted pattern during 1979-1993 and a zonally oriented pattern during 1994-2008,has contributed greatly to the change in barotropic energy conversion.     

内江市近40年日照变化的统计特征

利用１９６０－１９９５年内江市各测站的逐月日照时数资料，分析了内江市近４０年来日照的变化特征，发现区域平均日照以４６．９８小时／１０年的倾向率减少，这种减少趋势主要表现在冬、夏两季。同时还检测出内江市区域平均年日照时数在１９８０年发生突变，共后进入一个相对少日照对段。     

罗甸县近62a气温和降水变化特征分析

利用罗甸县1951—2012年气温和降水逐日观测资料,采用最小二乘法和多项式函数拟合对趋势变化进行线性倾向估计,Mann-Kendall方法做阶段分析和突变检验,并应用morlet小波周期分析方法,分别对年、季平均气温和年、季降水量的变化特征进行分析。结果表明：在过去的62 a里,各要素的气候变化具有明显的阶段性和周期性,年、季平均气温上升趋势变化显著,冬季和秋季增温对气候变暖的贡献最大,气候正在变暖。年降水量缓慢减少,春、秋季降水减少导致了年降水量减少。     

大城市气溶胶对光化辐射通量及臭氧的影响研究(Ⅰ)——国内外研究现状与观测事实述评

介绍了气溶胶对光化辐射通量及臭氧的影响研究的国内外动态,分析了广州城市气溶胶对紫外线及臭氧影响的观测实例,说明了大气气溶胶与臭氧变化规律及其相互作用机制研究已成为大气化学研究领域具有重要理论和实用价值的前沿课题。     

新一代天气雷达与强对流天气预警

简要介绍了对流风暴的分类、对流风暴的强弱和强对流天气的多普勒天气雷达识别和预警技术，以及新一代天气雷达对强对流风暴预警水平的改进。     

基于自动站观测资料的深圳城市热岛研究

利用103个自动站气温观测资料,对深圳的城市热岛现象进行了研究.分析表明:1)高速的城市化进程造成自动站周边下垫面属性的变化,对气温造成了显著影响,这种影响即使是在仅仅10年内也表现得较为明显.2)由于深圳地处海滨,深圳的近地层气温分布是海陆作用叠加城市热岛效应形成的结果.按照传统定义的深圳城市热岛,其空间分布在不同季...     

主汛期降水量预测信号及方差权重方法的应用

为了制作四川盆地主汛期降水预报对相似方法作了改进,首先是根据四川盆地主汛期降水的前３个特征向量分别寻找有物理基础的前期信号作为预报因子,然后充分考虑各因子对总降水量贡献大小定义因子场的相似,确定相似年,最后引入“集成”的思想,由５个相似年的降水场得到预测年降水的定量客观预测。最后引入“集成”的思想,由５个相似年的降水场得到预测年降水的定量客观预报。１９８１￣１９９４共１４年的预报结果准确率高于当前     

Content and distribution of trace metals in surface sediments from the northern Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea and adjacent Arctic areas

Concentrations of trace metals (Zn, Cr, Cu, V, Cd and Pb), total organic carbon (TOC), black carbon (BC) and their granulometry were examined in 25 surface sediment samples from the northern Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea and adjacent areas. Trace metal concentrations in the sediments varied from 21.06-168.21 mg kg(-1) for Zn, 8.91-46.94 mg kg(-1) for Cr, 2.69-49.39 mg kg(-1) for Cu, 32.46-185.54 mg kg(-1) for V, 0.09-0.92 mg kg(-1) for Cd, and 0.95-15.25 mg kg(-1) for Pb. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) indicated that trace metal contamination (Zn and Cd) existed in some stations of the study area. The distribution of grain size plays an important role in influencing the distribution of trace metals (Zn, Cr, Cu, V, and Pb) in sediments from the Chukchi Sea and adjacent areas.     

北京2004年“7.10”突发性对流强降水的雷达回波特征分析

利用新一代天气雷达回波资料和一个雷暴单体识别、追踪和分析算法, 对2004年7月10日下午造成北京局地短时强降水的雷暴特征进行了初步分析。在偏南暖湿气流中生成的对流云团, 在北京上空迅速发展, 逐渐形成了一个覆盖城区的β-中尺度对流超级复合体, 导致了这次强降水过程。详细分析表明, 强对流主要是来自城区西南和东南两个方向生成和发展起来的雷暴。在北京西南部的雷暴逐渐向东北的城近郊区移动和发展, 并与新生成的雷暴合并加强, 造成了石景山、门头沟和海淀部分地区的大雨。在北京东南部逐渐形成的两个小雷暴单体迅速增长并向西北方的城区移动, 在到达城区时合并且迅速加强, 但移速缓慢, 在北京城区维持了两个多小时, 造成了城区的大暴雨过程, 降水量大但空间分布不均匀。雷暴顶高度和最大反射率因子的关系呈反位相变化, 雷暴最大反射率因子出现的高度均位于0 ℃等温线之下 (≥0 ℃) 或其附近, 雷暴的中心和反射率因子权重质心也基本位于0 ℃等温线之下, 均证实了这是一个典型的液态强降水对流系统。分析还表明, 20:00 (北京时) 左右的超强雷达回波是由大气异常传播造成的虚假超折射回波。